1. Aerosol and chemical transport in tropical convection ACTIVE

2. Airborne measurements for ACTIVE ARA Egrett, 10 - 15 km NERC Dornier 0-5 km Ozonesondes (profiles)

3. Egrett payload Basic Meteorology and positionPressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPS DMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) †Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm), light absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal 2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)Total condensation particles > 40 nm & > 80 nm DMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) Cloud Droplet psd, aerosol/small particle assymetry, aerosol refractive index,large ice psd, (0.3<D p <3,200 µm), Total Liquid Water Content DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP)Particle Size Distribution (2< D p <60 µm) SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (30 < D p < 2,300µm) Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s,  0.1  2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors) Water vapour, 2 Hz,  0.005 ppmv precision Julich CO analyserHigh precision (± 2 ppb), fast response (10 Hz) CO Cambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min,  5% TE-49C UV Ozone sensorOzone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds) Adsorbent tube carbon trapC4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenes NO and NO 2 chemiluminescent detector †  200 ppt @ 10 Hz;  30 ppt @ 4 s integration † alternates Aerosol Humidity Cloud Physics Chemistry Met/Position

4. Dornier payload Basic meteorologyAventech probeARSF/Manchester Position/TimingGPSARSF Aerosol Mass SpectrometerAerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nmManchester Condensation particle counterAerosol concentration > 10 nmManchester Grimm Optical Particle CounterAerosol size distribution, 0.5 – 20 μmManchester Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer Aerosol size distribution 50 nm – 2 µm Manchester Aerosol spectrometer probeAerosol size dist n, 0.1 – 1 µmManchester FSSPAerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm)Manchester FiltersCoarse aerosol compositionManchester OzoneUV absorption, 2BYork COAL5003York VOCAdsorbent tubesYork NO/NO x (TWP-ICE period only)Chemiluminescence/catalysisYork HalocarbonsDIRAC gas chromatographCambridge Black CarbonPSAPDLR Aerosol Chemistry Met/Position

5. Egrett payload Basic Meteorology and positionPressure, temperature, wind (1 Hz), GPS DMT Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP-2) †Aerosol particle size distribution (0.2 – 1.0 µm), light absorbing fraction (LAP), carbon mass, metal 2 x TSI-3010 Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)Total condensation particles > 10 nm & > 80 nm DMT Cloud, Aerosol & Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS)Cloud particle size distribution, aerosol/small particle asymmetry, aerosol refractive index (0.3<D p <2,000 µm) DMT Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP)Particle Size Distribution (2< D p <62 µm) SPEC Cloud Particle Imager CPI-230Cloud particle/ice CCD images, (10 < D p < 2,300 µm) Buck Research CR-2 frost point hygrometer Temperature, dew/ice point, 20 s,  0.1  2X Tunable diode laser Hygrometer (SpectraSensors) Water vapour, 2 Hz,  1 ppmv Julich CO analyserHigh precision (± 2 ppbv), fast response (1 Hz) CO Cambridge Miniature Gas-Chromatograph Halocarbons (Cl, Br, I), 3-6 min,  5% TE-49C UV Ozone sensorOzone concentration (± 1 ppbv, 10 seconds) Adsorbent tube carbon trapC4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, monoterpenes NO and NO 2 chemiluminescent detector †  200 ppt @ 10 Hz;  30 ppt @ 4 s integration † alternates Aerosol Humidity Cloud Physics Chemistry Met/Position

6. Dornier payload Aventech AIMMS-20 probeBasic MeteorologyARSF/Manchester GPSPosition/TimingARSF Aerosol Mass SpectrometerAerosol composition, 30 – 2000 nmManchester Condensation particle counterAerosol concentration > 10 nmManchester Grimm Optical Particle CounterAerosol size distribution, 0.3 – 2 μmManchester Ultra high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer Aerosol size distribution 0.1 – 0.8 μmManchester Aerosol spectrometer probeAerosol size distribution, 0.2 – 2 µmManchester FSSPAerosol, size ( 2- 47 µm)Manchester PSAPBlack Carbon aerosolDLR FiltersCoarse aerosol compositionManchester 2B technologies model 202OzoneYork Aerolaser AL5003COYork Automatic tube samplerC4-C9 aliphatics, acetone, OVOCs etcYork Chemiluminescence/catalysisNO/NO x York DIRAC gas chromatographHalocarbonsCambridge Aerosol Chemistry Met/Position

7. Campaign 1 13 ED1415 ED16ED GF 171819 D GF 20212223 D GF 24 D2526 27 E28 D F 29 GF 30ED GF(2) 1 ED23 E 4 ED5 ED GF 6 E78 E9 E10 E Test Survey Hector Mixed survey/Hector Nov Dec Single- cellular Hector Multi-cellular Hector Mini-monsoon

8. Campaign 2 Jan16171819 D20ED21 22ED T 23 E T 2425 ED PT 26 D27 ED PT 28 2930 D31 E1 ED2 D3 ED4 56 ED PT 78 ED T 9 D T 10ED PT 11 12 ED PT 13 E14 ED15 E1617Feb Test Survey Lidar Monsoon Aged anvil Hector Single- cellular Hector Multi-cellular Hector Active Monsoon Inactive Monsoon

9. Summary of flights Campaign 1 Campaign 2 Egrett Dornier O 3 sondes: 23 8 13 15 12 15

10. Single-cell storm, Nov 16 17:30 16:15

11. Flights, Nov 16 Dornier Geophysica Egrett Falcon

12. Cloud particles: CAPS Cloud imaging probe: large particles Cloud and aerosol spectrometer: small particles observed in first Egrett transect of anvil Data: A. Heymsfield and A. Bansamer

13. Multicell thunderstorm: 30 Nov 14:12 15:25 17:05 15:10

14. Joint flights, 30 th November Dornier Geophysica Dornier Egrett Falcon 15:00 16:23

15. Monsoon convection: 22 Jan 2006 MTSAT infra-red image Aircraft tracks: Egrett (red) and Twin Otter (green) Rain rate from polarimetric radar Courtesy: Peter May, BoM

16. Evolution of Egrett CO profiles during ACTIVE (ascent profiles only) Data from A. Volz-Thomas and W. Pätz

17. Summary Around 30 flights with each aircraft in and around tropical convection Inflow conditions change from polluted early in November (smoke from biomass burning) to very clean in Jan/Feb Hectors observed in polluted and clean regine Monsoon convection observed in the second half of January

19. The Consortium University of Manchester: Geraint Vaughan (PI), Tom Choularton, Hugh Coe Martin Gallagher, Keith Bower University of Cambridge: John Pyle, Neil Harris, Peter Haynes, Rod Jones University of York (UK): Ally Lewis York University (Toronto): Jim Whiteway DLR (Germany): Reinhold Busen FZ Julich, Germany: Andreas Volz-Thomas NCAR, Boulder: Andy Heymsfield Australian Bureau of Meteorology: Peter May Airborne Research Australia: Jörg Hacker

20. Summary 7 Egrett Hector flights (3 NO X, 4 aerosol) 2 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NO x, 1 aerosol) 1 Egrett survey (aerosol) 3 Egrett test flights 7 Dornier convection flights 3 Dornier survey flights Intercomparison leg 2 Dornier test flights 23 ozonesondes 2 Monsoon anvil flights (1 NO x, 1 aerosol) 5 Egrett Hector flights (2 NO X, 3 aerosol) 3 Egrett cirrus flights (1 NO x, 2 aerosol) 4 Egrett survey (1 aerosol, 2 lidar, 1 transit) 1 Egrett calibration flight 7 Dornier convection flights 7 Dornier survey flights Intercomparison flight 1 Dornier test flights 8 ozonesondes Campaign 1 Campaign 2

21. Objectives  Relate measurements of aerosols and chemicals in the TTL to low-level sources.  Determine how deep convection modifies the aerosol population reaching the TTL, and thus evaluate its impact on cirrus nucleation.  Determine the relative contribution of convection and large-scale transport to the composition of the TTL over Darwin.  Compare the effects of monsoon and pre- monsoon convection on the composition of the TTL.  Determine the contribution of deep convection to the NO x and O 3 budget in the TTL  Measure how much black carbon reaches the outflow regions of the storms.