1. Climate-neutral fuels in the Netherlands; an report from the GAVE-programme Eric van den Heuvel Programme Advisor

2. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg2 Content of presentation What is the GAVE-programme –Which fuels –Projects Biofuel policies Future outlook

3. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg3 1998: GAVE - New focus on climate-neutral gaseous and liquid fuels 6% CO 2 reduction for Kyoto only a first step (corresponding to 38 Mton CO 2 eq./jr) Transition process from fossil to climate-neutral Not only renewable electricity Also include transport and natural gas markets (account for half of the CO 2 emissions) First thoughts: methanol and hydrogen

4. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg4 2000: Attractive climate-neutral fuels Stakeholder-involved inventory provide more than 20 fuel chains

5. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg5 2000: Attractive climate-neutral fuels CO 2 reduction potential in kton per year CO 2 reduction costs in NLG per ton 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 Electrolytic hydrogen Biomass hydrogen Natural gas H 2 + CO 2 seq. Biomass MeOH + FCV Grid electric vehicles 20.00040.00060.00080.0000 Transportation fuel chains Natural Gas Replacement fuel chains 500 Cellulosic ethanol CBP Natural gas H 2 + CO 2 seq. Biomass SNG Biomass hydrogen Cellulosic ethanol SSF Biomass DME Biomass FT Diesel Biomass methanol Biomass compres. SNG Biomass FT Gasoline HTU Diesel Pyrolysis oil diesel Electrolytic hydrogen

6. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg6 2000: Attractive climate-neutral fuels 20406080100120 CO 2 reduction potential In the Netherlands in Mton per year Cost of CO 2 reduction in NLG per ton 500 250 Elektrolytisch hydrogen Cellulosic ethanol CBP Natural gas H2 + CO2 seq. Biomass SNG Cellulosic ethanol SSF Biomass DME Biomass FT Diesel I III II 0 I Ethanol cluster II Diesel cluster* III Hydrogen cluster

7. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg7 2000: Attractive climate-neutral fuels Stakeholder-involved inventory provide more than 20 fuel chains With more than 80% CO 2 -reduction potential: climate-neutral fuels Clear interest of stakeholders to start formation of alliances and develop projects

8. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg8 2001: Support programme for climate-neutral fuels Climate Neutral transport Fuels from Biomass, the BIG-FiT concept (SDE, Shell, Rabobank, Volkswagen, ECN, Ecofys) Sustainable Gas from Biomass (Gastec, Remu, Eneco) Large-scale production of Synthetic Natural Gas (TNO-MEP, NUON) From biomass to methanol to ‘biomobile’ (HGP, Methanor, HoekLoos) Hydrogen as fuel for local transport and micro-chp (ECN, Eneco, e.on Benelux, Port of Rotterdam, HGP, HoekLoos, Tebodin) Transport fuels via Hydro Thermal Upgrading of biomassa (Biofuel BV, Waste managemen Amsterdam, TNO, Van der Sluijs handelsmij, Shell)

9. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg9 2002 and 2003: Support programme for climate- neutral fuels Feasibility studies and alliance formation were executed Preparation of demonstration projects No demonstration projects were submitted: –The post-Kyoto focus (>2010) conflicted with the announced EC Biofuel Directive (targets for 2005 and 2010) –The absence of a fiscal support scheme in place –The design of various Transition Projects (a.o of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to reach a Sustainable Energy Supply System) created a new focus for stakeholders

10. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg10 2004: Focus on programme support Assist Ministries and Stakeholders with implementation of the EC Biofuel Directive Maintain focus on climate neutral fuels Inform about international developments

11. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg11 Biofuel Policies In 2003: “Biofuels in the Dutch Market - Fact finding Study”

12. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg12 Biofuel Policies

13. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg13 Biofuel Policies In 2003: “Biofuels in the Dutch Market - Fact finding Study” Sufficient biomass resources to fulfil the 2005 target but not the 2010 target import of fuels is a serious possibility

14. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg14 Biofuel Policies White Paper on Transport Emissions (2004): “government will do all it can to support the introduction of biofuels: 2% by 2006”

15. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg15 Biofuel Policies Looking for a smart implementation plan: –Stimulate development of next generation fuels –Increasing demands on CO 2 performance –No negative side effects: deforestation or undesirable competition with food production in 3e world countries Plans for monitoring and certification Initiate an EU discussion on CO 2 -based support for biofuels

16. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg16 Future Outlook Industrial plans for plant oil, biodiesel, ethanol (incl. cellulose-rich resources) and FT Syngas central in long term national R&D Strategy Biofuels theme in industry-led transition platforms: –Platform Alternative Motor Fuels –Platform New Gas –Platform Renewable Resources

17. Synthetic Biofuels - 3|4 November 04 - Wolfsburg17 Thank you for your attention