1. 1 Introduction to TCP/IP

2. 2 Agenda What Is TCP/IP? IP Addressing

3. 3 What Is TCP/IP? A suite of protocols Rules that dictate how packets of information are sent across multiple networks Addressing Error checking

4. 4 IP Internet Protocol (IP) Determines where packets are routed based on their destination addresses Breaks packets into smaller packets and reassembles them

5. 5 TCP/IP Applications Application layer File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Remote Login (Telnet) E-mail (SMTP) Transport layer Transport Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Network layer Internet Protocol (IP) Data link & physical layer LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc. WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.

6. 6 TCP/IP Transport Layer 21 FTP—File Transfer Protocol 23 Telnet 25 SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 37 Time 69 TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol 79 Finger 103 X400 161 SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol 162 SNMPTRAP

7. 7 TCP Transmission Control Protocol

8. 8 UDP User Datagram Protocol Unreliable Fast Assumes application will retransmit on error Often used in diskless workstations

9. 9 ICMP Ping

10. 10 IPv4 Addressing 32-bit addresses Commonly expressed in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.10.12) Each “dotted decimal” is commonly called an octet (8 bits)

11. 11 IP Addressing—Three Classes Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOST

12. 12 IP Addressing—Class A 10.222.135.17 Network # 10 Host # 222.135.17 Range of class A network IDs: 1–126 Number of available hosts: 16,777,214

13. 13 IP Addressing—Class B 128.128.141.245 Network # 128.128 Host # 141.245 Range of class B network IDs: 128.1–191.254 Number of available hosts: 65,534

14. 14 IP Addressing—Class C 192.150.12.1 Network # 192.150.12 Host # 1 Range of class C network IDs: 192.0.1–223.255.254 Number of available hosts: 254

15. 15 IP Network Address Classes 0000000001111111 10111111 1111111111011111 00000000 11111111 00000000 # Networks 126 16,384 2,097,152 # Hosts 254 65,534 16,777,214 Class A B C Class A 35.0.0.0 Class B128.5.0.0 Class C132.33.33.0 Network Address Space Host Address Space Example

16. 16 IP Subnetting Subnets allow routing by ranges

17. 17 IP Subnet Mask Given: Address = 131.108.2.160 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Subnet = 131.108.2.0

18. 18 IP Address Assignment ISPs assign addresses to customers IANA assigns addresses to ISPs CIDR block: bundle of addresses

19. 19 Summary TCP/IP is a suite of protocols TCP/IP defines communications between computers on the Internet IP determines where packets are routed based on their destination address TCP ensures packets arrive correctly at their destination address