1. Javad Sadeghi javad@iust.ac.ir FractVRML: A New Proposition to Extend X3D with Fractal Geometry Iran University of Science and Technology Computer Engineering Department Information Visualization Group Mohsen Sharifi msharifi@iust.ac.ir

2. Objective X3D is a XML-based markup language that is successor of VRML and we plan to make a profile for X3D with Fractal Geometry In this project we propose FractVRML profile that uses GeoVRML standard notation and claims that helps X3D to better support Virtual Reality

3. Z = Z 2 + c Fractals

4. Recognizable Shapes 1/20 All familiar shapes from Euclidean Geometry A rectangle A triangle A parallelogram Perhaps a square Even a semicircle!

5. Shapes From Natural World They can’t be easily described with Euclidean shapes 2/20

6. Fractal Concepts Why is geometry often described as ‘cold’ or ‘dry’? One reason lies in its inability to describe the shape of a cloud, a mountain, a coastline, or a tree. Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.” Benoit Mandelbrot, the father of fractal geometry, from his book The Fractal Geometry of Nature, 1982. Fractus Fractal Features Self Similarity Independence of Scale Fractal Dimension 3/20

7. Virtual Reality

8. Virtual Reality Systems A 3D System Interaction Manipulation Navigation Applications Data Visualization Training Design and Modeling Entertainment Medical Applications See hidden real world features Simulate dangerous / expensive situations 4/20

9. Authoring VRML Worlds ASCII text file :.wrl Platform Independent 3D Authoring tools Exporters (3DSMAX, Truespace, …) World Builders (Spazz3d, Paragraph, …) Text Editor VRML Plug-Ins CosmoPlayer (SGI) WorldView (Intervista) Live 3D (Netscape) Cortona (Parallel Graphics) Contact (Blaxxun Interactive) 5/20

10. Applications of Fractals in VR 3D Visualization Scene Graph Arc. Artificial Life PseudoFractal JavaScript LOD LevelOfDetail Tree.wrl 6/20

11. X3D

12. X3D (Extensible 3D) The next generation Open Web3D standard X3D will replace VRML 97 when approved as at ISO Concerted action by key VRML browser companies Blaxxun, Nexternet, OpenWorlds, ParallelGraphics State-of-the-art Extensible Architecture Enables small core plus flexibility to meet diverse market needs Provides full compatibility with VRML 97 Protecting existing content A key influencer on other industry standards MPEG-4, XML 7/20

13. Profiles Interchange Geometry, Texture, and Animation Interactive Interactive User Controls Extensible Interactive + Script node/PROTOs/SAI Base Full 3D Experience Full Everything 8/20

14. Members & Industry Leaders 9/20

15. FractVRML

16. Fractal Modeling Life Cycle 10/20

17. 3D Fractals Quaternion Arithmetic A + i B + j C + k D i 2 = j 2 = k 2 = -1 ij = -ji = k jk = - kj= i ki = -ik = j HyperComplex Numbers 3D IFS Pov-Ray 11/20

18. 12/20 Fractal Visualization Systems Escape-Time Landscapes (ETL) Roving Riemann Spheres (RRS)

19. Data Structure FractMetadata FractOrigin FractCoordinate FractLOD FractPositionInterpolator FractTouchSensor FractViewpoint FractElevationGrid 8 new nodes added to X3D: information about the fractal data translates fractal coordinates for view build geometry using fractal coords multi-resolution terrain level of detail animate objects with fractal coords query geometry for its fractal location specify viewpoint in fractal coords define height field in fractal coords 13/20

20. FractLOD : X3DGroupingNode { MFNode [in] addChildren [X3DSwitchNode] MFNode [in] removeChildren [X3DSwitchNode] MFNode [out] children [] [X3DSwitchNode] SFVec3d [] center 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) MFString [] child1Url [] [urn] MFString [] child2Url [] [urn] MFString [] child3Url [] [urn] MFString [] child4Url [] [urn] SFNode [] fractOrigin NULL [FractOrigin] MFString [] fractSystem "" [see table] SFFloat [] range 10 [0,∞) MFString [] rootUrl [] [urn] MFNode [] rootNode [] [X3DChildNode] SFVec3f [] bboxCenter 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) SFVec3f [] bboxSize -1 -1 -1 (0,∞) or [-1 -1 -1] } Example: FractLOD Provide scalability features through the FractLOD node. FractLOD provides quadtree based level of detail Supports BSP tree 14/20

21. Fractal Nodes FractMountain FractRiver FractIsland FractCloud FractPlant FractLightning FractCrystal FractMusic 15/20 8 new nodes added to X3D:

22. Example: FractLightning FractLightning : X3DParametricGeometryNode { SFVec3f [in,out] direction 0 0 -1 (-∞,∞) MFVec3f [in,out] controlPoint [] (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [in,out] tessellation 0 (-∞,∞) MFDouble [in,out] weight [] (0,∞) SFNode [in,out] color NULL SFNode [in,out] texCoord NULL MFDouble [] knot [] (-∞,∞) SFInt32 [] order 3 [2,∞) SFBool [] solid TRUE SFNode [] fractOrigin NULL [FractOrigin] MFVec3d [] fractCoords 0 0 0 (-∞,∞) MFString [] fractSystem "" [see table] } 16/20 Modeling the lightning discharge Intra-cloud lightning (horizontal discharge) Cloud-to-ground lightning (vertical discharge) Power density

23. Extensibility – Key Enabler Provides delivery platform for Working Group efforts WGs can deliver FractVRML Components Companies can deploy their technologies based on it No limit to the applications that can be addressed with it Core X3D Kernel Extension Framework VRML97 Profile Full VRML97 backwards compatibility Small download, cool content, advanced rendering FractVRML 17/20

24. Conclusion & Future Work

25. Conclusion Using Complex Coordinate Using 3D Representation of Fractals Using XML Tagset FractVRML Scenes More Real Aspect More Resolution Little Size Formulation of World www.FractVRML.org 18/20

26. Future Work Implementation and standardization of proposed profile Using Fractal Compression in X3D Scenes Application of FractVRML to GeoVRML Design of a collaborative and distributed environment in support of real-time activities Modeling of Internet3D with FractVRML 19/20

27. Board of Directors 20/20

28. Questions ?