1. An X3D Presentation Sujan Inala Uday Viyyure David Chiu

2. DISCLAIMER This tutorial on X3D has been collected by the authors over the Internet and by reading research articles over the Internet for the class study purpose in ‘Distributed Multimedia Languages’. The authors do not claim any credit for this work. The sources of collection have been referred at the end of this presentation.

3. Lecture Topics Introduction to X3D X3D Concepts X3D Research and Development

4. What Is X3D? The X3D is an Open Standards XML-enabled 3D file format to enable real-time communication of 3D data across all applications and network applications. It combines a run-time delivery engine and VRML 97- inspired file format with XML bindings, with strong industry support for a proven standardization process. -- From Web3D Press Release

5. X3D is a revision/replacement for VRML97. It adds the following new functionality and formalizes some extensions that have developed since VRML97 Full backwards compatibility with VRML97 Full extensibility through Components and Profiles Core profile is a limited subset of VRML97 for lightweight plug-ins and MPEG4 compatibility Optional XML and binary encodings, in addition to VRML's traditional ASCII encoding What is X3D? (Cont)

6. What is X3D? H-Anim - Humanoid Animation. Standardized hierarchical structure and interface for animated avatars GeoVRML the representation of accurate real-time geographical data using VRML NURBS - organic models described using NURBS mathematics rather than polygons thus significantly reducing filesize and increasing render optimisation 2-way Web page communication through a multi-language scene authoring interface (SAI) Universal Media - In-built standard media items (textures, models etc) to speed download time Multi-texturing extensions

7. X3D History

8. Uses of X3D Capabilities - Multitexture Web3DConsortium/VirtuWorlds/Daly Realism Capabilities - Animation 3Name 3D/ Naval Postgraduate School Capabilities - Interactivity ParallelGraphics Uses - CAD MediaMachines Uses - Entertainment MediaMachines

9. Uses of X3D (continued) Uses - Interior Design MediaMachines Uses - Architecture Access Development Corporation/ Daly Realism Uses - Training Parallel Graphics Uses - Scientific Dr. Paul May,School of Chemsitry, University of Bristol, UK. Uses - Educational Parallel Graphics

10. Why Use X3D over VRML97? 1. VRML compatible 2. XML encoding to integrate smoothly with other applications 3. X3D scenes and environments operate predictably between different players 4. X3D is componentized 5. X3D authoring for any player is consistent and simpler 6. X3D is more feature rich 7. X3D is continually being enhanced and updated 8. X3D applications can be certified as reliable and predictable 9. An X3D open source conformant application is available as a developer resource 10. X3D binary format offers encryption (i.e. security) and compression (i.e. speed)

11. X3D Document Structure An X3D file is structured as defined in ISO/IEC 19775-1ISO/IEC 19775-1 Tags are Case SeNsiTiVe All Tags Must Close … Attributes are Contained Within Quotes (" or ´) XML Declaration Document Type Definitions (DTD) Statement Root Tag

12. The structure of an X3D file Header : The header is a single line of UTF-8 text identifying the file as an XML file, followed by the XML declaration DOCTYPE : This provides both PUBLIC and SYSTEM literals for the X3D Document Type Definition (DTD) Root tag : specifies profile information and optionally schema validation

13. EXAMPLE:

14. X3D Profiles Core Profile Supports Basic Interactive 3D Scenes VRML Profile Full VRML97 Support GeoVrmlProfile Extensions from the GEO WG X3D Extensions Extensions to X3D/VRML

15. Lecture Topics Introduction to X3D X3D Concepts X3D Research and Development

16. Authoring and Playback Browser virtual world viewer user navigation Generators Loaders Time zero loader Loader with run time execution

17. Scene Graph Basic unit for x3d runtime environment Contains objects and relationships Root nodes Hierarchy Co-ordinate system Behavior graph

18. Run-time environment Functions Manages graph Renders scene as needed Manages life cycle of objects Co-ordinates the processing of Events Manages inter operation between browser and the host

19. Object model Individual entities of the x3d system Two types of objects Field object Node object Common Characteristics Name, Implementation Additional characteristics for node object Fields, Events, Name

20. Object model (cont..) Ways to modify objects Using Routes Using Event propagation or Data flow model at run time Programmatic access Life cycle of objects Node is considered live if It is a root node in the scene It is referred by a field of a live node It is referred by a live script to the node External programmatic reference

21. Event Model Events Primary means of generating behavior Driving time based animations Handling object picking Detect user movement and collision Routes It is a construct to establish an event path. connects output events of a node to input events of another. Redundant routing path is ignored. Execution model

22. Component Core component Time component Networking component Grouping component Rendering component Shape component Geometry3d,2d components Text component Sound component Distributed interactive component Lighting component Texturing component Interpolation component Pointing device sensor component Key device sensor component Environmental sensor component Geospatial component Humanoid animation component Scripting component It is a set of related functionality consisting of various objects and service

23. Flux [9] This is used mainly for deploying web- standard graphics. Consists of three main components. Engine Web tools Media player

24. Lecture Topics Introduction to X3D X3D Concepts X3D Research and Development

25. Status of X3D Standardization of 3 specifications are currently pending X3D Framework & SAI (19775-1:200X) X3D Encodings (19776-1:200X) X3D Language Bindings (19777:200X)

26. xVRML [5] XML implementation of VRML97 Lightweight Tightly focused on Virtual Environments Abandons support for outside apps No GIS support, etc

27. Visualizing Human Consciousness [1] Models human consciousness and contents Uses TwinVR Main Virtual Env (any virtual world) Conceptual Virtual Env (abstract modeling of Main VE) Authors modeled “Personal Construct Psychology” (G.A. Kelly, 1955)

28. Visualizing Human Consciousness PCP theory describes a different way to look at the world [2] Their perception is used as data to form Personal constructs Personal Constructs are meanings for why people are attached to people, situations, and events. Predict or control course of events

29. Visualizing Human Consciousness Current method: Repertory Grid Technique (2D grid) Constructs are graded on a 5-to-7 point scale Limitations of the 2D view Real life situations are more complex Some viewpoints are hard to visualize

30. Visualizing Human Consciousness The need for 3D Architecture of consciousness is 3D Mind’s content is a constant flow of events These events are by nature 3D They exist not as mental images, associations, holistic structures, etc!

32. Behavior3D [4] 3D Entity Behavior: Level 0: Direct modification of entity’s attributes Level 1: Change of an entity’s attributes over time Level 2: Series of calls to Level 1 Level 3: Top-level decision making

33. Behavior3D Problems: X3D does not offer good support for complex behavior modeling and reuse Behavior control demands programming knowledge Solution: Behavior3D is declarative - easy for authoring tools to automate code Behavior3D should integrate or interoperate with X3D

34. Behavior3D Why not use X3D provided behavior control nodes? Only cover behavior levels 0 and 1 Insufficient for complex animations or state- based modeling of 3D scenes Authors need to use script node to realize common 3D functionality

35. Behavior3D Behavior3DNode - XML language that describes behavior nodes at the development level Behavior3D - XML language that describes these predefined Behavior3dNode elements s at the usage level

36. Behavior3D - Java3D Implementation

37. InTML [6,7,8] Interaction Technique Markup Language Formerly 3dml Object-oriented view of 3D interaction Abstraction: hides programming complexity Interaction Technique reuse

38. InTML Addresses two main issues: Readability Rapid Development Defines abstract classes of Interaction Techniques, allows its instances and VR Objects to build applications

39. A Filter Smallest processing unit It takes the data received in its input ports and produces the information in output ports It runs every frame aFilter Input Ports Output Ports

40. Some Filters Pointer Based Selection Technique objects selected object pointer position Car-Like Navigation wheel angle position gas pedal level orientation break pedal level seconds

41. References [1] V. Geroimenko and L. Geroimenko, “Visualizing Human Consciousness Content Using Java3D/X3D and Psychological Techniques”, ACM Press, 2000. [2] PCP Research Group: http://www.psyc.uow.edu.au/research/pcp/http://www.psyc.uow.edu.au/research/pcp/ [3] Web3D Consortium: http://www.web3d.orghttp://www.web3d.org [4] R. Dachselt and E. Rukzio, “Behavior3D: An XML-based Framework for 3D Graphics Behavior”, ACM Press, 2003. [5] The xVRML Project: http://www.xvrml.nethttp://www.xvrml.net [6] P. Figueroa, M. Green, and H. James Hoover, “3dml: A Language for 3D Interaction Techniques Specification” [7] P. Figueroa, M. Green, and H. James Hoover, “InTML: A Description Language for VR Applications”, ACM Press, 2002. [8] InTML: http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~pfiguero/InTml/ http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~pfiguero/InTml/ [9] T. Parisi. “FLUX: light weight, standards-web based graphics in xml.” ACM Press.