1. 2015 IEPR Staff Workshop on Plug Load Efficiency Vojin Zivojnovic, Ph.D. 06/18/2015 1 © AGGIOS, Inc. Irvine, CA

2. About us California startup (SBE): – Focus: Research and innovation to save energy – In depth technical expertise in power optimizations (plug load, mobile, internet of things) – Independent, fully employee-owned Our vision: Software defined power and energy management based on industry standards Why we are here: – Support Commission’s plug load efficiency activities – Promote mobile efficiency for plug load devices – Increase awareness of the new IEEE P2415 & CSA standards 2

3. Learning from Nature HUMANS design systems … NATURE designs systems … … for maximum performance … for maximum efficiency source: professor Jan Rabaey UC Berkeley 3

4. Energy-Proportional Computing 4 Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle: The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing Google Inc., 2007 Machines that consume energy in proportion to the amount of work performed LESS energy-proportional deviceMORE energy-proportional device

5. Example: Computer Idle Power AGGIOS: Desktop Computer Optimization Analysis and Demonstration Project, 2015 Appliance Efficiency Pre-Rulemaking on Computers, Docket # 14-AAER-2 5

6. Energy-Proportional Ecosystem INVESTED ENERGY USEFUL WORK price & incentives home energy bill & smart meter utilities regulation utilities oversight home energy management device consumption reporting power management activity monitoring 6

7. Energy-Proportional Plug Loads 7 SOFTWARE HARDWARE DEMAND RESPONSE AUTOMATION CODES &STANDARDS

8. 8 Energy-Proportional Plug Loads SOFTWARE HARDWARE DEMAND RESPONSE AUTOMATION CODES &STANDARDS

9. Challenges and Solutions Main challenges for energy-proportional consumer electronics: – Component costs and development time: Large suppliers with large ecosystems – few big mountains to move Small suppliers have small budgets – many small mountains to move – Energy topic only attractive for mobility and servers – Experts rather join the “Apples” of the world Solution: Weave energy-proportionality into the unified electronics ecosystem:Weave energy-proportionality into the unified electronics ecosystem – Expand the mobile efficiency ecosystem to include plug loads – Commission is in a position to combine carrots and sticks: Technical standards reduce costs and improve profitability for the industry Government regulations motivate investments 9

10. Example: VHDL standard Initiated in 1981 by the U.S. Department of Defense:U.S. Department of Defense – Carrot: DOD funded the development of the new industry standard to document behavior of electronic devices Carrot: – Stick: DOD regulations accept only VHDL documented equipment Stick: VHDL ecosystem spurred the $10B EDA/IP global industry (mainly California based) VHDL 10

11. IEEE P2415: New Energy Standard Unified Hardware Abstraction for Energy-Proportional Electronic Devices Based on AGGIOS’ work on the UHA format 40+ experts from 25 companies including: – AMD, ARM, Broadcom, Cadence, Cisco, Intel, LG, Mediatek, Mentor, Microsoft, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung, Synopsys, Xilinx Unifies the components, software and methodology for efficient power and energy management of mobile, plug load and IoT devices One of the most active IEEE efforts at the moment Supported by SDGE project for customer premises IoT devices 11

12. https://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/UHA.html 12

13. CSA: Computing Appliances Standard Started as Pacific Coast Collaborative (PCC) project based on AGGIOS submission to CEC* British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, BC Hydro and CSA approved the development of the seed document by AGGIOS Computers, media players, gaming consoles, set top boxes converge and offer same functionality with vastly different energy efficiency 13 * AGGIOS: Unified Energy Efficiency Standard for Computing Appliances, 2013 Consumer Electronics Rulemaking, Docket 12-AAER-2A 2W73W 36X

14. Horizontal Standard for Equipment Class 14 CURRENT STANDARDS NEW STANDARD Video, audio, browsing, sleep and idle states to be unified across the equipment class

15. Recommendations Plug loads: Lowest hanging fruit for the Commission and DOE for significant energy savings Mobile efficiency is the path to follow to improve plug load energy efficiency for wide classes of devices Unified mobile and plug load components, software and standards present the most cost effective and fastest way to influence the electronics ecosystem We recommend that the Commission takes sponsorship over key technical standards focused on plug load energy efficiency 15

16. … think energy. 16