1. Part A: Global environment

2. Chart A.1 Greek government bond spreads have risen sharply Sources: Thomson Reuters Datastream and Bank calculations. (a) Data up to 29 June. (b) Greek Prime Minister Samaras announces early elections. (c) Syriza wins election. Selected ten-year government bond spreads to German bunds (a)

3. Chart A.2 Growth in EMEs has continued to moderate Source: IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2015). EME annual GDP growth

4. Chart A.3 Capital inflows to EMEs have moderated Source: IIF. (a) Four-quarter moving averages. EME GDP growth and capital inflows (a)

5. Chart A.4 Issuance of dollar-denominated debt securities by EMEs has been strong Sources: Dealogic and Bank calculations. (a) Includes public and private sector banks. (b) Non-financial corporates consists of non-financial public and private sector firms and finance vehicles of industrial and utility firms. Annual net issuance of debt by EME borrowers

6. Chart A.5 Private sector indebtedness has risen since 2007 Sources: BIS, IMF (International Financial Statistics and World Economic Outlook) and Bank calculations. (a) Outstanding domestic and international debt securities on a residency basis. Domestic debt securities data for India and Saudi Arabia are not available. (b) 2007 bars are based on the same data as 2014 but are coloured grey for ease of read. Non-bank private sector credit to GDP

7. Chart A.6 Normalisation of US monetary policy has been associated with an increase in incidences of EME crises Sources: Laeven, L and Valencia, F (2012), ‘Systemic banking crises database: an update’, Thomson Reuters Datastream and Bank calculations. (a) Data up to 2011. US policy rate and incidences of EME crises

8. Chart A.7 The US dollar has appreciated against a basket of currencies Sources: BIS, IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2015) and Bank calculations. (a) Weighted by annual GDP. Nominal effective exchange rates

9. Chart A.8 EME bond yields have become more volatile over the past year Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research. (a) High Yield USD EM Liquid Corporate Plus Index. (b) US High Yield Master II Index. (c) BBB USD EM Sovereign Index. Option-adjusted spreads on selected bond indices

10. Chart A.9 UK banks have significant exposures to Emerging Asia and Latin America Sources: BIS Consolidated Banking Statistics, SNL Financial and Bank calculations. (a) Foreign claims of domestically owned banks on an ultimate risk basis, as at 2014 Q4. CET1 capital as at 2014 H2, with the exception of Japan, where it is as at 2014 H1. Major advanced economies’ bank claims on EMEs (a)