1. ANNE MURUGI1,2 1.Amref Health Africa 2.University of Nairobi
CERVICAL CANCER KNOWLEDGE & SCREENING UPTAKE AMONG WOMEN IN EMBU COUNTY,KENYA.
ANNE MURUGI1,2
1.Amref Health Africa
2.University of Nairobi

2. OUTLINE Background Objectives Methodology Results Conclusion
Recommendations

3. BACKGROUND
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and accounted for 8.2 million deaths in 2012.
Cervical cancer. leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries.
529,409 new cases occurred globally, with 274,883 of the women (52% of cases) dying.
86% of the cases occur in developing countries
In SSA : magnitude of the problem is under-recognized and under-prioritized.
In Kenya-second most frequent cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women of reproductive age.
2454 new cases and 1676 deaths are reported every year
Only 3.2% of women in Kenya have been screened for cervical cancer.
(WHO 2008,WHO2013)

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer can be reduced through regular screening
Screening is available in most facilities (VIA/VILI) and Pap smear
Screening levels still remain low
Study findings will provide relevant information to increasing uptake in rural areas

5. OBJECTIVES Broad objective Specific objectives
To determine factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Embu county, Kenya
Specific objectives
To determine cervical cancer awareness & knowledge among women in Embu
To determine awareness & knowledge of cervical cancer screening
To determine the uptake of cervical cancer screening
To determine barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake

6. METHODOLOGY Study design Cross- sectional study survey
Quantitative study
Study population
Women aged 18 years and above
Inclusion Criteria
All women aged 18 and above who gave consent
Exclusion Criteria
Declined to consent
Ethical Considerations
Ethics approval
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Study site
Embu County
Data collection
Structured Questionnaire
Sampling
Multi stage cluster sampling
Sample size
269 women
Data management and analysis
Coding, data entry SPSS 17
Frequencies
Bivariate analysis

7. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS Characteristics Classification Frequency Percent
Age in years
<25 51
19.0
25-34
102
37.9
35-44 64
23.8
45-54 33
12.3
55-64 12
4.5
>64 7
2.6
Total
269
100
 Marital status
single (never married) 58
21.6
Married
177
65.8
Separated 20
7.4
Divorced 1
0.4
Widowed 13
4.8
 269
 100
 Education level
Primary
123
45.7
Secondary
104
38.7
Technical College 30
11.2
University 2
0.7
None 10
3.7
 Employment status
Employed Fulltime 34
12.6
Employed part time
Unemployed 46
17.1
Self-employed
163
60.6
Full time home maker(house wife) 15
5.6
Retired 3
1.1
Others

8. CERVICAL CANCER AWARENESS

9. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Knowledge of signs of cervical cancer Yes No
Don't know
Vaginal bleeding between menses
31.6%
10.4%
58.0%
Persistent vaginal discharge with unpleasant smell
32.7%
10%
57.2%
Vaginal bleeding after menopause
34.6%
3.3%
62.1%
Bleeding during or after sex
29.0%
7.4%
63.6%

10. CERVICAL CANCER RISK FACTORS
 Risk factors of cervical cancer
Disagree
Not sure
Agree
Infection with HPV
5.6%
70.6%
23.5%
Smoking cigarettes
14.1%
51.7%
34.2%
Weakened immune system
13.1%
58.6%
28.1%
Infection with STI's
9.3%
53.2%
37.3%
Having multiple sexual partners
11.6%
50.6%
37.7%
Having many children
31.2%
58.7%
10.0%
Having a sexual partner with multiple partners
13.4%
53.9%
32.7%
Not going for regular screening
11.9%
52.8%
35.3%

11. CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING KNOWLEDGE

12. CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AWARENESS

13. CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE

14. BARRIERS TO CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING UPTAKE

15. ASSOCIATIONS Tests of association p-value
Association between economic status and uptake of cervical cancer screening
0.027
Association between awareness of cervical cancer and age of respondent
0.031
Association between cervical cancer awareness and screening uptake
<0.001
Association between awareness of cervical cancer screening and uptake
Association between knowledge of prevention of cervical cancer and screening uptake

16. CONCLUSION
Awareness of cervical cancer screening among the respondents was high
Knowledge of the signs and symptoms and risk factors associated with cervical cancer was low.
Screening uptake was very low despite the high levels of awareness of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening.
Awareness of cervical cancer, awareness of cervical cancer screening and knowledge of modes of prevention of cervical cancer were critical in determining cervical cancer screening uptake among the women.

17. RECOMMENDATIONS To the Government and County Governments
Awareness campaigns and education programmes to encompass signs and symptoms, risk factors and modes of prevention of the disease.
Research institutions
Studies to explore the disparity between high awareness and low uptake should be conducted.

18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS University of Nairobi AMREF Kenya
All women who participated