1. Spain and the Americas
J.A.SACCO

2. Causes of Colonization
Religious freedom
Find gold/silver
Establish empires for the mother nation
Government persecution
Expand a nations economy abroad
Second chance in life

3. Spain vs. Portugal *given claims to Brazil *given claims to New World
Early Exploration/Colonization led by two nations- Spain and Portugal
Conflict prevented by Pope Alexander VI in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493)
Spain Portugal
*given claims to New World
*given claims to Brazil
and trade routes east

4. Treaty of Tordesillas

5. Who were the “conquistadores”?

6. Hernando De Soto ( )
Mississippi River
In search of riches

7. Hernan Cortes (1521) “We Spaniards know a sickness
Destruction of the Aztec empire
Seeking slave labor for Cuba/riches of the region
Built capital of New Spain over the ruins of Tenochtitlan
“We Spaniards know a sickness
of the heart that only gold can cure.”

8. Francisco Pizarro (1533) Overthrew the Incas in Peru
Seeking riches in region
Took King Atahualpa hostage-later executed

9. Francisco Coronado (1540-1542)
SW of what was to become the United States-Grand Canyon

10. New Spain

11. Effects of Spanish Colonization
Columbian Exchange

12. Effect of Spanish Colonization
Disease
Large supply of silver
Built “presidios”- forts for protection/also served as trade posts

13. Effect of Spanish Colonization
Missions to spread Roman Catholicism/Eur. Culture
Led by Franciscan priest Junipero Serra
Built missions in San Diego/San Francisco
Teach the Pueblo people Catholicism and European culture
Often used violence to those who resisted those teachings

14. What is the feudal system?
The Encomienda System
New social system established by the Spainish based on the feudal system of the Middle Ages
What is the feudal system?

15. The Encomienda System Encomendero Native Americans
Title of “encomendero” given as a reward to control Native American villages.
Encomendero
Native Americans
Encomendero protect
Native Americans/convert
to Christianity
Pay to encomendero
part of what is
produced

16. The Encomienda System and Social Status
Social Order
Peninsulares
Criollos
Mestizos
Labor
Sp. Born-high
gov’t and
church positions
Born in colonies
of Sp. Parents.
Wealthy but
not become
Peninsulares.
Mixed
Sp.and
Nat. Amer.
Merchants,
artisans,
Shopkeepers.
Mostly poor.
Nat.Amer. and
African
ancestry.
Provide labor.

17. Government in Spanish America
Council of the Indies
Advisory board of King
Special court- audencia were administrators and lawmakers
Organized around viceroyalties- each governed by a viceroy

18. Economy of Spanish America
Not based on gold but silver
Climate very dry- not grow crops but could raise large herds of cattle and sheep
Huge ranches called haciendas/ led by a vaqueros (cowboy)

19. The “encomienda” process illustrated in the map above
a. triggered extensive demographic and social change.
b. ended American Indian resistance.
c. changed American Indian beliefs on the environment.
d. led to the development of a hunter–gatherer economy.

20. The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration was
a. American Indian resistance and conflict.
b. the subjugation of American Indians.
c. the forced conversion of natives to Christianity.
d. the spread of deadly epidemics.
Which of the following Spanish imperial goals were least advanced
by the conquest and exploration illustrated above?
a. Enlarging the Spanish empire
b. Gaining new sources of wealth
c. Shifting from feudalism to capitalism
d. Converting natives to Christianity