1. Dark Romanticism

2. Definition of Dark Romanticism
A phenomenon or a literary and historical movement, wherein authors and poets revolted against the classical ways of writing and expression

3. Characteristics of Dark Romanticism
Supernatural
Sin
Guilt
Suspense
Evil
Madness
Dark Romanticism was a reaction to Transcendentalism. Dark Romantics found Transcendentalism too optimistic

4. Beliefs of the Dark Romantics
Dark Romantics are much less confident about the idea that the way to reality is through intuition.
Presents individuals as prone to sin and self- destruction, not possessing divinity and wisdom.
Frequently shows individuals failing in their attempts to make changes for the better.
Romantics and Dark Romantics both believe that nature is a deeply spiritual force, however, Dark Romanticism views nature as sinister and evil.
When nature does reveal truth to man, its revelations are pessimistic and soul-crushing.

5. Common Characteristics
One of the characteristics that they had in common with the Romantics was the belief that emotions, and intuitions meant for a lot, and accounted for more than logical reasoning.
They paid a lot of attention to the many mysteries of life that were impossible to explain by reasoning.
Despite their focus on the morbid and tragic, they never were cynical, nor did they emphasize on the same.
Their showcase of the evil of human beings was a tribute to the struggles that human beings overcame in their life.

6. Poetry Qualities
Internal Rhyme: Word in middle of line rhymes with word at end of line
End Rhyme: Ends of multiple lines rhyme
Alliteration: Repetition of sounds at the beginning of words
Onomatopoeia: Sound of word mimics its meaning

7. Gothic Story Qualities
Mysterious Settings
“Trick” the reader
Elements of the bizarre and supernatural (mystical)
Enter a world of imagination
Gothic literature is a genre that combines elements of both horror and romance. Works of the genre commonly aim to inspire terror, including through accounts of the macabre and supernatural, haunted structures, and the search for identity; critics often note gothic fiction's "overly melodramatic scenarios and utterly predictable plots.

8. Main Writers Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
Considered the main author within this sub genre
Strongly disliked Transcendentalism
Writing explored the psychology of man, including the perverse and self-destructive nature of the conscious and subconscious mind
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Dark Romantic with closest ties to Transcendentalism
Lived in the community before becoming troubled by the movement
Herman Melville
Most known for Moby Dick

9. Egdar Allan Poe
Born Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 19, 1809
Known as the American Shakespeare
Poe created or mastered the short story, detective fiction, science fiction, lyric poetry and the horror story.
Widely acknowledged as the creator of the modern detective story
Enlisted in the Army after attending the second class at the University of Virginia.
Later attended and was expelled from West Point
Lived in Baltimore and was the editor of the Southern Literary Messenger
Battled poverty, gambling, alcohol, and depression
Died at age forty alone in Baltimore – even his family did not know of his death until they read about it in the paper

10. Nathaniel Hawthorne Born July 4, 1804 Attended Bowdin College
In 1836 Hawthorne served as the editor of the
American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining
Knowledge.
He held various government positions that
basically allowed him to support his family while
writing.
Hawthorne wrote in the comparative obscurity of what he called his "owl's nest" in the family home. As he looked back on this period of his life, he wrote: "I have not lived, but only dreamed about living".
Married illustrator and transcendentalist Sophia Peabody.
Joined the transcendentalist Utopian community at Brook Farm in 1841 not because he agreed with the experiment but because it helped him save money to marry Sophia
Died on May 18, 1864

11. Herman Melville
Herman Melville was born in New York City on August 1, 1819
Melville attended the Albany Academy where he studied the classics
Most well-known for writing Moby Dick
Died in September 1891
His professional writing career is said to
have ended in 1866 and he became a
customs house official in New York for
19 years.

12. Video
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