1. EE2174: Digital Logic and Lab Professor Shiyan Hu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University CHAPTER 1 Introduction

2. Class Time and Office Hour Class Time: MWF 08:05-08:55 (EERC 214) and 12:05-12:55 (EERC 103) Class Time: MWF 08:05-08:55 (EERC 214) and 12:05-12:55 (EERC 103) Office Hours: MWF 09:00-10:00, 13:00-14:00 or by appointment, office: EERC 518 Office Hours: MWF 09:00-10:00, 13:00-14:00 or by appointment, office: EERC 518 Textbook (required): Digital Design, fourth edition, by John Wakerly, Prentice Hall, 2006. Textbook (required): Digital Design, fourth edition, by John Wakerly, Prentice Hall, 2006. Grading: Grading: Homework/Quiz 25% Homework/Quiz 25% Midterm 20% Midterm 20% Final 30% Final 30% Lab 25% Lab 25% 2

3. Course Website http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan/EE2174Fall14.htm http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan/EE2174Fall14.htm Contact information of instructor Contact information of instructor Email: shiyan@mtu.edu Email: shiyan@mtu.edushiyan@mtu.edu EERC 518 EERC 518 Instructor’s webpage: http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan Instructor’s webpage: http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyanhttp://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/shiyan 3

4. Digital Design: Principles and Practices, John F. Wakerly Digital Design: Principles and Practices, John F. Wakerly Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006 0-13-186389-4 0-13-186389-4 Quartus II software in labs Quartus II software in labs Textbook and Lab

5. Your grade will be comprised of: Your grade will be comprised of: Homework/quiz 25% Homework/quiz 25% Midterm 20% Midterm 20% Final 30% Final 30% Lab 25% Lab 25% Grade scale: Grade scale: 90 – 100% - A 90 – 100% - A 85 – 90% - AB 85 – 90% - AB 80– 85% - B 80– 85% - B 75 – 80% - BC 75 – 80% - BC 70 – 75% - C 70 – 75% - C 65 – 70% - CD 65 – 70% - CD 60 – 65% - D 60 – 65% - D < 60% - F < 60% - F Grades and Grading

6. You cannot pass this class by simply taking the exams. You have to do the homework and take the quizzes or you will not pass. You cannot pass this class by simply taking the exams. You have to do the homework and take the quizzes or you will not pass. Don’t stress out about the midterms. Don’t stress out about the midterms. They don’t affect your grade that much. They don’t affect your grade that much. It is very hard to answer the question, “How am I doing in this class?” It is very hard to answer the question, “How am I doing in this class?” Simply showing up is not going to get you a good grade. You will earn your grade. Simply showing up is not going to get you a good grade. You will earn your grade. A Few Notes on Grading

7. All assignments are expected to be turned in during class on the due date unless otherwise noted. All assignments are expected to be turned in during class on the due date unless otherwise noted. If an assignment is turned in after that time, I will accept it and assign a 25% penalty for each 24-hour period it is late. If an assignment is turned in after that time, I will accept it and assign a 25% penalty for each 24-hour period it is late. Examples: Mike turns his assignment in at 8 AM the day after the due date. He loses 25%. George turns his in at 3 PM the next day. He loses 50%. Examples: Mike turns his assignment in at 8 AM the day after the due date. He loses 25%. George turns his in at 3 PM the next day. He loses 50%. This will be calculated by simply multiplying your earned score by the appropriate penalty. Consider that Mike earned 30/40 points on his assignment. After his 25% late penalty, he would receive a final score of 23/40 (rounded up). This will be calculated by simply multiplying your earned score by the appropriate penalty. Consider that Mike earned 30/40 points on his assignment. After his 25% late penalty, he would receive a final score of 23/40 (rounded up). Weekend days count as days too. An assignment due on Friday that is turned in on Monday is subject to a 50% penalty. Weekend days count as days too. An assignment due on Friday that is turned in on Monday is subject to a 50% penalty. If the solutions to an assignment are posted prior to the normal expiration of this period (to facilitate studying for an exam, for example), assignments will no longer be accepted. If the solutions to an assignment are posted prior to the normal expiration of this period (to facilitate studying for an exam, for example), assignments will no longer be accepted. Late Assignment Policy

8. You will have at least 8 sets of homework. You will have at least 8 sets of homework. The point is to give you practical experience with what you’re learning. The point is to give you practical experience with what you’re learning. No problem if you want to work together. No problem if you want to work together. You need to write down your own solution. You need to write down your own solution. You need to credit anybody you work with! You need to credit anybody you work with! Homework

9. Homework assignments will be posted. All homework questions will be graded for correctness. Questions will come both from the textbook as well as created by the instructor. Homework assignments will be posted. All homework questions will be graded for correctness. Questions will come both from the textbook as well as created by the instructor. Solutions for homework assignments will be posted after the expiration of the grace period. Solutions for homework assignments will be posted after the expiration of the grace period. Quiz solutions will be discussed in class and will only be posted online if they cannot be discussed before an exam. Quiz solutions will be discussed in class and will only be posted online if they cannot be discussed before an exam. Exam solutions will only be discussed in class. Exam solutions will only be discussed in class. Homework

10. Come to class. Come to class. Do the homework. Do the homework. Do the lab. Do the lab. Please come to see me. Please come to see me. A Few Hints for Success

11. 11 What is this course all about? Introduction to digital logic. Introduction to digital logic. Digital system fundamentals, number system, digital circuit, combinational logic and sequential logic. Digital system fundamentals, number system, digital circuit, combinational logic and sequential logic. What will you learn? What will you learn? Understanding and designing digital logic circuits with respect to different quality metrics such as functionality, timing, power and area. Understanding and designing digital logic circuits with respect to different quality metrics such as functionality, timing, power and area.

12. 12 Agenda Introduction Introduction Number system Number system Digital circuit Digital circuit Combinational logic Combinational logic Sequential logic Sequential logic Design methodologies Design methodologies VLSI Computer-Aided Design VLSI Computer-Aided Design

13. 13 Why is this course important? 2000 42 million transistors 1.5 GHz

14. The base for modern circuit design

15. 15 Many Chips

16. 16 Moore’s Law lIn 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months.

17. Moore’s law Twice the number of transistors, approximately every two years

18. 18 Moore’s Law Electronics, April 19, 1965.

19. 19 ITRS Prediction

20. This course is intended to provide you with an understanding of logic design theory and practice and with the skills to design simple circuits manually and complex circuits with software. This course is intended to provide you with an understanding of logic design theory and practice and with the skills to design simple circuits manually and complex circuits with software. Course Mission

21. Chapter 1 Overview Analog v.s. Digital Analog v.s. Digital Digital system is everywhere Digital system is everywhere 3-Jul-15 PJF - 21Chapter 1: Digital Computers and Information

22. Analog signals can take any value across a continuous range of current, voltage, etc. Analog signals can take any value across a continuous range of current, voltage, etc. Digital circuits Digital circuits They just don’t. They just don’t. They restrict themselves to two discrete values of 0 and 1, low and high, false and true. They restrict themselves to two discrete values of 0 and 1, low and high, false and true. Analog vs. Digital

23. Still pictures Still pictures Video recordings Video recordings Audio recordings Audio recordings Telephone systems Telephone systems Traffic Lights Traffic Lights And so on… And so on… Once Analog, Now Digital

24. Reproducibility of results Reproducibility of results Ease of design Ease of design Flexibility and functionality Flexibility and functionality Programmability Programmability Speed Speed Economy Economy Steadily advancing technology Steadily advancing technology Why Digital?

25. Logic Gates Logic Gates AND OR NOT AND OR NOT Flip-flops Flip-flops Sequential Circuits Sequential Circuits Counters, Registers, State Machines Counters, Registers, State Machines Simple Digital Circuits

26. Old Days: Designed by hands Old Days: Designed by hands Today: Using CAD tools Today: Using CAD tools Schematic entry Schematic entry Hardware Description Languages Hardware Description Languages HDL text editors, compilers and synthesizers HDL text editors, compilers and synthesizers Simulators Simulators Test Benches Test Benches Timing Analyzers Timing Analyzers Word processors Word processors Designing Digital Circuits

27. Lots of gates on a chip are called Integrated Circuits. Lots of gates on a chip are called Integrated Circuits. Initially part of a wafer, then sliced and diced up. Initially part of a wafer, then sliced and diced up. Classified by scale of integration: Classified by scale of integration: 1-20 Gates: Small Scale Integration 1-20 Gates: Small Scale Integration 20-200 Gates: Medium Scale Integration 20-200 Gates: Medium Scale Integration 200-1,000,000 Gates: Large Scale Integration 200-1,000,000 Gates: Large Scale Integration > 1,000,000 Gates: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) > 1,000,000 Gates: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Integrated Circuits

28. Three types of ICs Full custom design Full custom design Cell library based design Cell library based design Programmable logic array based design Programmable logic array based design 3-Jul-15 PJF - 28Chapter 1: Digital Computers and Information

29. Full Custom Design Full Custom Design More commonly called “ASIC” (Application Specific IC) More commonly called “ASIC” (Application Specific IC) Faster, because they’re designed with a purpose Faster, because they’re designed with a purpose Design time is huge though Design time is huge though Unisys took 3-4 years to design a processor Unisys took 3-4 years to design a processor Full Custom Design

30. Programmable Logic Device Programmable Logic Device Very popular today because Very popular today because Short development cycle Short development cycle Easy to fix broken design Easy to fix broken design Reprogrammable Reprogrammable FPGA (field programmable gate array) is a common, but sophisticated PLD FPGA (field programmable gate array) is a common, but sophisticated PLD Programmable Logic Array

31. Understand and use standard functional building blocks. Understand and use standard functional building blocks. State-machine design is like programming; approach it that way. State-machine design is like programming; approach it that way. Design for minimum cost at the system level, including your own engineering effort as part of the cost. Design for minimum cost at the system level, including your own engineering effort as part of the cost. Design for testability and manufacturability. Design for testability and manufacturability. Use programmable logic to simplify designs, reduce cost and accommodate last-minute modifications. Use programmable logic to simplify designs, reduce cost and accommodate last-minute modifications. Practice synchronous design until a better methodology comes along (if ever). Practice synchronous design until a better methodology comes along (if ever). Important Themes of Digital System

32. Digital design is ubiquitous and pervasive. Digital design is ubiquitous and pervasive. There is a lot to talk about the digital system. There is a lot to talk about the digital system. Summary