1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-1 Chapter 16 Emerging Aspects of Organizational Behavior

2. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-2 CONDITIONS AFFECTING MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS Social Conditions Training multiplier effect Legal and Ethical Conditions Political Conditions Economic Conditions

3. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-3 CONDITIONS AFFECTING MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS Individual Differences Individualism/Collectivism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity/Femininity Masculine societies Feminine societies

4. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-4 CONDITIONS AFFECTING MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS Individual Differences (con’t) Time Orientation Long-term orientation Short-term orientation An Intercultural Comparison

5. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-5 CONDITIONS AFFECTING MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS Figure 16-2 Comparison of typical cultural differences between Japan and the Unites States

6. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-6 MANAGING AN INTERNATIONAL WORKFORCE Multiculturalism Expatriates Barriers to Cultural Adaptation High-context cultures Low-context cultures Parochialism Ethnocentrism Cultural empathy Geocentric organizations Cultural Distance Cultural Shock

7. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-7 MANAGING AN INTERNATIONAL WORKFORCE Figure 16-3 Forces inhibiting and supporting cultural adaptation

8. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-8 MANAGING AN INTERNATIONAL WORKFORCE Overcoming Barriers to Cultural Adaptation Careful Selection Compatible Assignments Predeparture Training Orientation and Support in the New Country Xenophobia Preparation for Reentry Repatriation Reverse cultural shock

9. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-9 PRODUCTIVITY AND CULTURAL CONTINGENCIES The Challenge of Achieving Productivity Cultural Contingencies Theory Z Managerial Implications Management’s Integrating Role The Community Role of Expatriate Managers

10. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-10 CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Cross-cultural communication - Value placed on time efficiency -Thought patterns -Values placed on seeing the future -Need for personal space -Eye contact -Physical appearance -Posture -Gestures -Meaning of silence -Legitimacy of touch Transcultural Manager Transcultural employees

11. McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 16-11 Questions