1. About OMICS Group OMICS Group International is an amalgamation of Open Access publications and worldwide international science conferences and events. Established in the year 2007 with the sole aim of making the information on Sciences and technology ‘Open Access’, OMICS Group publishes 400 online open access scholarly journals in all aspects of Science, Engineering, Management and Technology journals. OMICS Group has been instrumental in taking the knowledge on Science & technology to the doorsteps of ordinary men and women. Research Scholars, Students, Libraries, Educational Institutions, Research centers and the industry are main stakeholders that benefitted greatly from this knowledge dissemination. OMICS Group also organizes 300 International conferences annually across the globe, where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions. Open Access publicationsscholarly journalsInternational conferencesOpen Access publicationsscholarly journalsInternational conferences

2. About OMICS Group Conferences OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group International is a pioneer and leading science event organizer, which publishes around 400 open access journals and conducts over 300 Medical, Clinical, Engineering, Life Sciences, Phrama scientific conferences all over the globe annually with the support of more than 1000 scientific associations and 30,000 editorial board members and 3.5 million followers to its credit. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai. OMICS Group has organized 500 conferences, workshops and national symposiums across the major cities including San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Antonio, Omaha, Orlando, Raleigh, Santa Clara, Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, United Kingdom, Valencia, Dubai, Beijing, Hyderabad, Bengaluru and Mumbai.

3. University of Barcelona Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Natural Products GC-MS Identification of Alkaloids from the Genus Lycoris Ying Guo Director: Prof. Dr. Jaume Bastida 26/08/2014

4. Introduction  The genus Lycoris  Alkaloids  GC-MS

5. Amaryllidaceae alkaloid-containing plant families  Lycoris perennial and bulbous flowering plants includes 22 species and one hybrid temperate woodlands of Eastern Asia 15 of these species grow in China 10 are endemic

6.  Alkaloids Figure 1: Biosynthetic pathway of Lycoris alkaloids with representative compounds.

7.  Alkaloids Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)-inhibitory antitumor antiviral antimalarial Galanthamine (Razadine ® ) Lycorine Alzheimer´s disease a inhibitor of ascorbic acid synthesis a inhibitor of cell growth and division inhibiting the cell cycle during the interphase

8.  GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry rapid low quantity no derivatization step variability and quantification of Lycoris alkaloids

9. 50mg dry bulbs 1 mL MeOH 0.05 mg codeine ultrasonic extract 500 μL 2% H 2 SO 4 2 x 500 μL CHCl 3 polar fraction 200 μL 25% NH 4 OH 3 x 500 μL CHCl 3 alkaloids extract 10 dilutions of galanthamine 0.05 mg codeine AMDIS 2.64 software NIST 05 Database

10. AMDIS 2.64

11. peak area

12. Galanthamine quantification The ratio between the values obtained for galanthamine and codeine in each solution was plotted against the corresponding concentration of galanthamine to obtain the calibration curve and its equation.

13. lycorine AMDIS 2.64 NIST 05 Database

14. Alkaloids L. albiflora L. aurea L. chinensis L. haywardii L. incarnata L. longituba L. radiata L. radiata var. pumila L. sprengeri L. squamigera Lycorine-type 863.21445.91113.11280.11291.72572.42037.9976.42514.31912.2 Homolycorine-type ---550.5--1408.8534.2-- Haemanthamine-type -251.5224.3-trace- -286.2trace Narciclasine-type -----trace-- - Tazettine-type 221.1238.3368.5275.7-863.3692.1226.4331.9300.8 Montanine-type 260.3314.9353.8--831.3 ---327.0 Galanthamine-type 721.61455.61786.1895.5722.44754.32386.5411.72425.21804.0 Total 2066.23706.23845.83001.82014.19021.36525.32148.65557.64343.9 Results and Discussions Table 1: Alkaloid profiles of studied species. Values are expressed as μg GAL/g DW *.  GC-MS analysis of the bulbs of different species of Lycoris resulted in the identification of 31 alkaloids. * All data were standardized to the area of the internal standard (codeine) and the equation obtained for the calibration curve of galanthamine was used to calculate the quantities expressed as μg GAL, which was finally related to the amount of dried plant material (g DW).

15. Figure 2: Alkaloid and alkaloid-type predominance in extracts of the genus Lycoris.

16. Conlusions  Alkaloid Profiles in Lycoris Species  GC-MS This analysis could be useful in guiding the search for compounds with pharmacological activity L. longitubaL. longituba could be considered as a potential commercial source of bioactive alkaloids (such as galanthamine and lycorine) due to its high content in comparison with the other species. The technology here applied has demonstrated to be sufficiently sensitive for the detection of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, allowing the application of quantitative methodologies to obtain valuable information in relatively short times.

17. Thank you! 谢谢！

18. Lets Meet again at Pharmacognosy-2015 3 rd International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Natural Products October 26-28, 2015 Hyderabad, India Theme: Advanced trends for the future of Herbal Drugs and Products Website: http://pharmacognosy-phytochemistry-natural- products.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/ http://pharmacognosy-phytochemistry-natural- products.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/http://pharmacognosy-phytochemistry-natural- products.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/