1. ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR CITIZEN & COMMUNITY TENURE RIGHTS PROTECTION
Neil Pullar, Andrew McDowell & Paola Rizzo – UN FAO

3. Provides the framework for FAO’s work in Tenure
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT)
Provides the framework for FAO’s work in Tenure
For Communities, Open Tenure is an Enabling Technology for the implementation of the VGGT in that it:
Identifies and safeguards tenure rights not recorded by formal land administration
Engages with all tenure right holders in tenure governance processes
Exercises self-governance for communities with customary tenure systems
Protects against unauthorized use of land, fisheries and forest resources
Ensures citizen and community involvement

4. FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT)
In Land Administration, SOLA open source software is an Enabling Technology for the implementation of the VGGT in that:
It directly provides transparency to tenure rights records by making them accessible and easily searchable
It improves service delivery in government agencies responsible for tenure rights and allows the monitoring of service requests
It reduces discretionary decision making and controls registration and cadastral operations
It records all changes to key records facilitating audits of changes to tenure records
The VGGT provides the framework for FAO’s work in tenure. SOLA is seen as an enabling technology for the VGGT, providing transparency to tenure records, improving service delivery and reducing discretionary decision making. Changes to tenure records are also fully audited to deter corrupt recording practices.

5. FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
The SOLA Family

6. Implementations of SOLA Software
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Implementations of SOLA Software

7. Languages included in different SOLA Software
FAO Open Tenure Open Source Software
Neil Pullar
Languages included in different SOLA Software

8. Open Tenure Mobile application for Android and iOS devices
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure
Mobile application for Android and iOS devices
Allows citizen recording of tenure rights (crowd sourcing)
Record claimant details, capture boundary information and collect photos as for claim evidence
Supports fit for purpose mapping
Claims uploaded to the Community Server for moderation
Field testing due from January 2015
Open Tenure is a mobile application developed for both Android and iOS devices that allows citizen recording of tenure rights (a.k.a. crowd sourcing).

9. Factors setting the scene for Open Tenure
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Factors setting the scene for Open Tenure
Success of other SOLA Open Source Software
FIG / World Bank “Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration” report
Cloud computing provides the means of hosting Community Server
LADM being ratified as ISO 19152
VGGT endorsement in 2012 and current implementation initiatives
Improved mobile phone network coverages and internet speeds
Increased resolution of Google Earth imagery
Crowd sourcing
Open Tenure is a mobile application developed for both Android and iOS devices that allows citizen recording of tenure rights (a.k.a. crowd sourcing).

10. Positive Features of Open Tenure
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Positive Features of Open Tenure
Free open source software
Runs on relatively low cost mobile devices
Can use Google Earth or any wms map service
Modified by configuration using SOLA Web Admin application
SOLA Community Server provides open source server software to host, display, enquire and further process Open Tenure
Support community tenure recording with rights (rrr) across “continuum of rights” consistent with simple STDM definitions and more complex social and rrr situations utilising LADM
Used with community based processes and involving “Free, Prior & Informed Consent
Open Tenure is a mobile application developed for both Android and iOS devices that allows citizen recording of tenure rights (a.k.a. crowd sourcing).

11. Positive Features of Open Tenure
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Positive Features of Open Tenure
Regular LADM details augmented with “dynamic” tabs containing additional user defined fields defined in SOLA Web Admin application
Easy to use software
Allows for on-line or off-line field capture of tenure details using downloaded map imagery and previously captured tenure claims, built-in GPS, photos and scans on same mobile device and the upload of captured data by internet or of encrypted claim file to Community Server
Open Tenure is a mobile application developed for both Android and iOS devices that allows citizen recording of tenure rights (a.k.a. crowd sourcing).

12. Open Tenure – Welcome Page and Community Map
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure – Welcome Page and Community Map
Over the past year, development of SOLA has continued at a fast pace

13. Open Tenure – List of Claims & Claim Details
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure – List of Claims & Claim Details
Over the past year, development of SOLA has continued at a fast pace

14. Open Tenure – Claim Map & Claim Documents
Open Source Software for Land Administration
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure – Claim Map & Claim Documents
This screenshot shows a

15. SOLA Architecture 2010 - 2015 FAO Open Tenure Open Source Software
Neil Pullar
SOLA Architecture

16. SOLA Logical Software Architecture (2013)
Map Server
Desktop
Security
SOLA
Desktop
SOLA
Admin
Authentication
SOLA
GIS
Services
Reference
Data
Management
Case
Search
Spatial
Digital Archive
Cadastre
Administrative
File Streaming
Operations
Bulk
Admin
Authorization
Search EJB
Application EJB
Administrative
EJB
Cadastre EJB
Source EJB
Party EJB
Address EJB
Transaction EJB
System EJB
Admin EJB
Scheduler EJB
Digital Archive
EJB
Transport
Repository
Data
SOLA Database
2013
The initial analysis identified two key architectural principles:
Use modular loosely coupled and interoperable components
Use an Enterprise Application Framework (EAF)
The rational given for applying these principles were;
Loose coupling reduces the complexity of a system of interacting components. It allows making internal changes to one component without affecting other components. It improves availability and stability of the system since problems with one component are less likely to impact other components.
Components can be reliably changed more quickly than otherwise would be the case. Functional scope of the components is reduced which in turn reduces their complexity.
Interoperability enhances opportunities for reuse, reduces costs by reducing duplication of effort and reducing integration complexity.
Typically an enterprise architecture framework will comply with recognised standards ensuring interoperability and significantly reduce the overall coding effort required to produce reliable, scalable and performant enterprise applications.
(McDowell 2011)
The overall goal was to create an architecture that could
accommodate a broad range of functional requirements as well as
support integration with existing enterprise systems
Application
Cadastre
Address
Source
Administrative
Bulk Operation
Party
Document
Transaction
System
Audit
PostGIS
SOLA Logical Software Architecture (2013)

17. SOLA Logical Software Architecture (2015)
Map Server
Mobile
Web
Desktop
Security
Open Tenure
IOS
Open Tenure
Android
Community
Client
Admin Client
Registry
Systematic
Registration
State Land
SOLA
Admin
Authentication
SOLA
GIS
SOLA
GIS
SOLA
GIS
Community
Services
Community
Server
Web Admin
Server
Reference
Data
Management
Case
Search
Spatial
Digital Archive
Cadastre
Administrative
File Streaming
Operations
Bulk
Admin
Resource
Login
Reference Data
Resource
Resource
Claim
Authorization
Claim EJB
Application EJB
Administrative
EJB
Search EJB
Party EJB
Address EJB
Cadastre EJB
Server
Reference Data
EJB
Admin EJB
Transaction EJB
Source EJB
Transport
System EJB
Cache EJB
Scheduler EJB
Digital Archive
EJB
Repository
2015
Data
SOLA Database
Application
Cadastre
Open Tenure
Address
Source
Administrative
Bulk Operation
Party
Document
Transaction
System
Audit
PostGIS
SOLA Logical Software Architecture (2015)

18. Open Tenure Logical Software Architecture
Map Server
Mobile
Web
Desktop
Security
Open Tenure
IOS
Open Tenure
Android
Community
Client
Admin Client
Registry
Systematic
Registration
State Land
SOLA
Admin
Authentication
SOLA
GIS
SOLA
GIS
SOLA
GIS
Community
Services
Community
Server
Web Admin
Server
Reference
Data
Management
Case
Search
Spatial
Digital Archive
Cadastre
Administrative
File Streaming
Operations
Bulk
Admin
Resource
Login
Reference Data
Resource
Resource
Claim
Authorization
Claim EJB
Application EJB
Administrative
EJB
Search EJB
Party EJB
Address EJB
Cadastre EJB
Server
Reference Data
EJB
Admin EJB
Transaction EJB
Source EJB
Transport
System EJB
Cache EJB
Scheduler EJB
Digital Archive
EJB
Repository
Note the shaded components that are used by Open Tenure
Data
SOLA Database
Application
Cadastre
Open Tenure
Address
Source
Administrative
Bulk Operation
Party
Document
Transaction
System
Audit
PostGIS
Open Tenure Logical Software Architecture

19. Community Tenure Recording Process
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Community Tenure Recording Process

20. Open Tenure Field Test, Cambodia, February 2015
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure Field Test, Cambodia, February 2015

21. Open Tenure Field Test, Cambodia, February 2015
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Open Tenure Field Test, Cambodia, February 2015

22. Lessons Learned & Recommendations
FAO Open Tenure Open Source Software
Amanda Bradley
Lessons Learned & Recommendations
Rural Cambodians learnt quickly to operate the tablet and are positive about the usefulness of Open Tenure
Tool intended for community use, but participants saw the desirability of involving authorities 
Community members saw that defining tenure rights need to be able to cover complicated situations
Participants were very concerned about the accuracy of the mapping of tenure claims and did not easily grasp the “fit-for-purpose” concept

23. Lessons Learned & Recommendations
FAO Open Tenure Open Source Software
Neil Pullar
Lessons Learned & Recommendations
Comprehensive community awareness effort and Free Prior and Informed Consent required to ensure respectful process.
Efforts needed to ensure women are actively involved in the process.
Open Tenure software is only part of the solution to community based tenure recording
Further field tests in different community contexts would provide further valuable feedback for the Open Tenure software and the community tenure collection processes
The usefulness of Open Tenure cannot be assessed properly until the community decides to use it on their own

24. Lessons Learned & Recommendations
FAO Open Tenure Open Source Software
Neil Pullar
Lessons Learned & Recommendations
Make sure that women are actively involved in the process and compensate for any lack of familiarity with technology through extra practice, typing class, etc
Conduct more training and follow up to ensure that Community Recorders are sensitive to villager needs and reactions and all those with roles in the community recording process (Reviewers & Moderators) are familiar with the whole process to obtain “Community Recognition” of tenure rights claims

25. Lessons Learned & Recommendations
FAO SOLA Open Source Software
Neil Pullar
Lessons Learned & Recommendations
Assume no internet access is available and fit tablets with SIM cards from best internet provider
Implement software improvements suggested by trainees (Measure Tool, Lock Screen to avoid accidental addition of map points, change color of non boundary points
The Open Tenure user interface can be improved
Implement Community Only viewing of community recorded details through the (web based) Community Server
Explore opportunities to reduce cost of using Open Tenure

26. Choosing the Right Tenure Software
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Choosing the Right Tenure Software
A Proposed Evaluation Framework consisting of:
12 Criteria found to be applicable to tenure protection and strengthening situations
A series of Indicators for each of these criteria
A further series of System Features and Functions for each indicator
A case-by-case assessment of each Indicator as to whether in your situation it is :
“Must Have”
“Nice to Have”
“Neutral” or
“Not Wanted”

27. Choosing the Right Tenure Software
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Choosing the Right Tenure Software
Criteria that can guide your decision:
Fitness for Purpose
Software Development Environment
Software Support Infrastructure
Software Affordability
Flexibility of Software Architecture
Software Licensing
Maintaining System Integrity
Interoperability
Software Usability
Support for Transparency
Addresses Gender Concerns

28. Choosing the Right Tenure Software
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
Choosing the Right Tenure Software
An Example of what the Evaluation Framework looks like –

29. DOWNLOAD OPEN TENURE SOURCE
FAO Open Source SOLA Software
Neil Pullar
FOR INFORMATION
SOLA Test Server
Registry
State Land
Systematic Regn
Community Server
Web Admin
User Name / Password test/test
DOWNLOAD OPEN TENURE SOURCE
Android OR
Google Play Store (Search for “Open Tenure”)
iOS
On App Store using AppleID / Opentenure1
Download Testflight app and then within Testflight install Open Tenure