1. Warm Up #33
Which countries settled portions of the Americas?

2. Settling in America

3. Native American Civilizations
Mayan
Yucatan Peninsula
Aztec
Mexico/Central America
Tenochtitlan—Capital
Incas
Andes Mountains/S. America
Cusco – Capital

4. Conquistadors Conquistadors- Spanish conquerors
Even though outnumbered, the Spanish had several advantages which lead them to conquer the Native Americans
Guns/Cannons vs spears/arrows
Metal armor
Horses—Native American never
seen before
Disease—Native Americans
lacked the immunity-resistance
Small pox, influenza, measles
Reasons for conquering Native Americans
Conversion to Christianity
Gold/Silver deposits
Conquistadors

5. Cortes/Pizzaro Hernan Cortes 1519 lands in Central America
1521 Cortes defeats
Moctezuna and the Aztecs
Demolished Tenochtitlan, later
built Mexico City on the ruins
Francisco Pizarro
Arrived in Peru in 1532
1533 Pizzaro defeats Atahualpa
and the Incas
Pizzaro creates Lima, Peru
Mayans
900s Mayan civilization collapse
Do not know why
Spanish claim the former Mayan
lands upon arrival in 1500s

6. Spanish Empire Four Provinces of Spain New Spain New Castille
New Granada
Rio de la Plata
Each province was ruled by a
viceroy- representative who
ruled in the King’s name
The Council of the Indies in
Spain oversaw the viceroys
to make sure they didn’t abuse
their power.

7. Warm up #34
Which crop was an major export for Spanish in the Caribbean/S. America (and still is today)…(hint molasses)

8. Spanish Culture Spain culture comes to America Catholic Missionaries
Convert Native Americans
Church officials served as
royal officials
Franciscans, Jesuits impact
Built churches
Baptisms
Introduced new clothing
Spanish language
Controlling trade
Silver and Gold
Sugar Cane
Rum, Molasses
Only could export raw materials to Spain and buy Spanish products

9. Spanish/Slavery Slavery in Spanish provinces
Encomienda- Conquistadors granted to
use Native Americans as forced labor
under brutal conditions
Native American were called peons-
forced labor workers
Many were killed because of the conditions or because they
refuse to work
Africans were brought in because
the Native Americans population
rapidly decreased
Thought Africans could handle the working conditions better
Spanish/Slavery

10. Spanish Classes Culture blending/Society Spain to Native Americans
Introduced horses, food, dances
Native American to Spain
canoes, food, architecture
Social classes (from top to bottom)
Peninsulares
People born in Spain
Gov’t and church officials
Creoles
American born descendants
of Spanish settlers
Owned plantations
Mestizos
Native American and European
descent
Mulattoes
European and African descent
Africans
Spanish Classes

11. Portugal Portugal Based on Treaty of Tordesillas,
Portugal claimed Brazil
Export Brazilwood (dye)
Plantation/cattle raising
Imported slaves
Pirates/Smuggling
As more valuable goods were shipped
back Europe, more pirates appeared,
especially around the Caribbean
Privateers- Pirates who operated
with approval of governments
Smuggling increased as other European
countries wanted the riches of America

12. French Claims North American Settlement French claims
Eastern Canada (New France)
1534 Jacques Cartier explored
coastline of Canada and found
St. Lawrence River
Great Lakes to Mississippi to
Louisiana
Main exports
Furs, Trapping, Fishing (cod)
Officials were sent over to oversee
economic activity and collect taxes

13. British Claims British claims 1497 John Cabot Newfoundland
1607 Jamestown, Va
Settlers died of starvation
and disease
1620 Pilgrims-English Protestants
who rejected the Church of
England settle in Plymouth, MA
Mayflower Compact- set guidelines
for governing their colony
13 Colonies s
Colonies were formed for various
reasons
Royal Governors oversaw the colony
Parliament control trade

14. WARM UP 36
1. How did the British win the rights to the land east of the Mississippi
River?
Who holds claims to Florida and SW area of the North America (AZ,
NM, TX, CA) in early 1800s?

16. French & Indian War Competition for colonies
Dutch, English, French, Spanish and
Native Americans all fought for land
War in Colonies
French and Indian War/Pontiac’s
War
British vs French and Native Americans
1763 Treaty of Paris
France gave Canada and all land
east of the Mississippi River to British
France did keep the Caribbean islands

17. Atlantic Slave Trade Three-legged trade network
Also known as Triangular Trade
First leg (Europe to Africa)
guns, cloth, cash
Second Leg or Middle Passage (Africa
to America
Part where slaves were transported
to the Americas
“Floating coffins”
½ died on the way
Disease (dysentery, smallpox)
Third Leg (America to Europe)
Cotton, molasses, sugar, rum, furs
Impact
By 1500s, 2,000 slaves/year brought over
1780s-80,000/ year (Peak)
Mid 1800s total 11 million brought over
Atlantic Slave Trade

18. Columbian Exchange Effects of Americas Columbian Exchange (named after
Columbus) is the exchange of
goods between America and Europe/
Africa
Exchange of new Food and Animals
Population migration and explosion
Spreading of disease
Commercial revolution
Inflation- Rise in prices
Capitalism growth—privately
owned businesses
Entrepreneurs– people who take
financial risk to make a profit,
expanded into oversea adventures
Guilds were bypassed
“Putting-Out” system– Each
part of creating a product was
done separately by separate
businesses
Columbian Exchange

19. http://apworldhistory2012-2013. weebly

20. Mercantilism Mercantilism arises Export more than import to build
gold and silver supplies/wealth
Tariffs- taxes on imported goods