1. JENNIFER. M. JOB PHYSICAL SCIENCE REGISTER NUMBER: 13385005

5. Correlation is of three kinds  Correlation within the subject.  Correlation with other subjects.  Correlation with life and environment. Correlation of science with other subjects can be of two types:  Incidental correlation.  Systematic correlation.

6. INCIDENTAL CORRELATION It is a natural correlation. Correlation is secure by co- ordinating each topic with allied materials from other subjects. This would mean a broad treatment of the subject that brings about points of similarities between science and other related subjects. The success of incidental correlation depends on – 1. Wide Knowledge 2. Versatility of the science teacher. Eg: A chemistry teacher teaching about oxygen, teacher says about haemoglobin, carrier of oxygen and mountaineers use oxygen carriers. It is a natural correlation. Correlation is secure by co- ordinating each topic with allied materials from other subjects. This would mean a broad treatment of the subject that brings about points of similarities between science and other related subjects. The success of incidental correlation depends on – 1. Wide Knowledge 2. Versatility of the science teacher. Eg: A chemistry teacher teaching about oxygen, teacher says about haemoglobin, carrier of oxygen and mountaineers use oxygen carriers.

7. The syllabus in science must be organized with those of other subjects that when the knowledge of a scientific principle is needed in understanding a topic like root pressure and osmosis in other subjects like biology. Systematic correlation can be effective only when the teachers of different subjects co- operate and co-ordinate their work. This is achieved by the careful planning of the curriculum. SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION

8. CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITHIN THE SUBJECT All the branches of science are interdependent upon each other and there are number of facts and principles which are common to various science subjects. As a result of this, new subjects like physical chemistry, bio-physics, Biochemistry, Electrochemistry, Soil chemistry, etc. have been introduced. To illustrate a few topics in hygiene that arise from various science subjects are given below.  Physics: Light – Light and health, Light and germs, Light and vitamins, natural and artificial lighting.  Chemistry: The chemistry of foods, digestive system, vitamins, chemistry of blood, soap, hard and soft water detergents.  Biology: Developments structure and chief functions of the body breathing and correlation of blood.

9. CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITH OTHER SUBJECTS 1.Correlation of Science and Mathematics Mathematics is probably the sole language of science and therefore a real understanding of science is impossible without adequate knowledge of mathematics, algebraic equations, graph, geometry, calculus, simple statistics are some of the useful tools of science. Even simple measurements of area and space require the knowledge of mathematics. Eg: Knowledge of trigonometrical ratios is very helpful in mechanics and light.

10. 2. Correlation of Science and Biology The study of natural sciences such as Zoology, Botany and Physiology owe to physics and chemistry to explain some common phenomena. Eg: Absorption and evaporation of water, assimilation of food taken from the soil and atmosphere are explained by physics and chemistry.

11. 3. Correlation Of Science And Language The pupils of science often have to write essays on scientific topics on inventions and life history of scientists and notes on their laboratory experiments. They could be encouraged to write in distinct lucid language. Science and language teachers have equal responsibilities in developing clear and accurate expressions. Science books on natural history and biography are valuable contributions to literature and provide excellent reading material.

12. 4. Correlation Of Science And Geography Physical geography is based on scientific principles so it can be correlated with physical sciences. Facts of climates and seasons depend on the elementary notions of scientific principles. Instruments like barometer, rain gauge, sun dial, magnetic needle, used by geographer are common to science also.

13. 5. Correlation of Science and History It is useful to mention events in the world history which coincide with important scientific discoveries. Certain important discoveries and inventions to place in the reign of certain famous kings who patronized the scientists. Eg: Archimedes and the king of Syracuse. Archimedes found a solution to a problem when the king asked him to examine the purity of his crown. Archimedes got the royal patronage in his search for scientific truth.

14. 6. Correlation of Science and Geology Points common for both are different types of are mentioned below. eg: 1. Different type rocks, minerals contained in it. 2. Weathering, metallurgy. 3. Meteorology – Scientific study of the exact measurements of weather. 4. Water and Petroleum analysis.

15. 7. Correlation of Science and Drawing Science offers a vast scope for activities connected with art and craft. Eg: 1. Model making, Painting, Drawing can be encouraged in the course of teaching science. 2. Drawing of charts diagrams, and pictures related to science.

16. 8. Correlation of Science with Music and Craft In science a student get the knowledge f resonance, vibrating systems in strings and their columns and musical scales which is quite useful to him to undergo a study of music. In music the student comes across various types of instruments and equipments which are based on the principles of science. Eg: Polishing articles of wood and metal, soldering can be encouraged among the pupils.

17.  Correlation of science with life and environment

18.  Education is only a means to an end. All the subjects are taught to fit children into life and held them understand and appreciate it. Hence it is not the isolated knowledge of different subjects but the synthesized form that would be really useful to them. By correlation, the relation between different subjects is better brought about than when the subjects are separately studied. By the use of correlation the pupil is able to organize the different pieces of knowledge in a well ordered system. ConclusionConclusion

19. Theoretical base of teaching and pedagogical analysis – Dr. T. K. Mathew and Dr. T. M. Mollykutty