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English accents 13. General American (cont.)
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r-coloured vowels NURSE [3` ]first, third, occur, serve lettER[@`]gather, standard, persist historically: short vowels fell together as /ə/ before /r/ [ə] and [r] coalesced as a single rhotacized vowel (in non-rhotic accents) the rhotacization was lost
![r-coloured vowels NURSE [3` ]first, third, occur, serve standard, persist historically: short vowels fell together as /ə/ before /r/ [ə] and [r] coalesced as a single rhotacized vowel (in non-rhotic accents) the rhotacization was lost](http://images.slideplayer.com/17/5270830/slides/slide_2.jpg "r-coloured vowels NURSE [3` ]first, third, occur, serve standard, persist historically: short vowels fell together as /ə/ before /r/ [ə] and [r] coalesced as a single rhotacized vowel (in non-rhotic accents) the rhotacization was lost")
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The THOUGHT vowel /ɔ/ Variation in quality: generally opener than in BrE In the CLOTH set as well as the THOUGHT set Subject to an on-going merger with /ɑ/ LOT ("the low back merger") dawn-don, hawk-hock Those who have not merged /ɔ/ and /ɑ/ have lexical variability in on, fog, sorry, wash
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The TRAP-BATH vowel /æ/ With regional, social-stylistic and positional variation, subject to raising and tensing to [ ɛː ~ eə ~ iə ] jazz
![The TRAP-BATH vowel /æ/ With regional, social-stylistic and positional variation, subject to raising and tensing to [ ɛː ~ eə ~ iə ] jazz](http://images.slideplayer.com/17/5270830/slides/slide_5.jpg "The TRAP-BATH vowel /æ/ With regional, social-stylistic and positional variation, subject to raising and tensing to [ ɛː ~ eə ~ iə ] jazz")
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The LOT vowel /ɑ/ Subject to fronting to [a] ("Northern Cities Shift"), which protects it from the Low Back Merger found west of the Mississippi, in western Pennsylvania, in Canada etc.
![The LOT vowel /ɑ/ Subject to fronting to [a] ( Northern Cities Shift ), which protects it from the Low Back Merger found west of the Mississippi, in western Pennsylvania, in Canada etc.](http://images.slideplayer.com/17/5270830/slides/slide_6.jpg "The LOT vowel /ɑ/ Subject to fronting to [a] ( Northern Cities Shift ), which protects it from the Low Back Merger found west of the Mississippi, in western Pennsylvania, in Canada etc.")
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The Northern Cities shift æ TRAP ɑ LOT ɔ THOUGHT ʌ STRUT
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… also, the lowering and centralization of / ɪ / ( KIT ) and / ɛ / ( DRESS ) TRAPLOT THOUGHT KIT DRESS STRUT
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http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/radio/#
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![More on STRUT It would be correct to transcribe the STRUT vowel in many Southern English accents such as Estuary and advanced RP with the symbol [ a ].](/12/3541600/big_thumb.jpg "More on STRUT It would be correct to transcribe the STRUT vowel in many Southern English accents such as Estuary and advanced RP with the symbol [ a ].>")
