1. Next Generation
SDH
LCAS
Ethernet
GFP
VCAT

2. PDH BIT RATES E1-2048 Kbps (2MB) [30 Voice Channel]

3. SDH BIT RATES 1 E1 = 2048 kbps STM1 = 63 E1 + OH bytes = 155.52Mbps
STM4 = 4*STM-1 = Mbps
STM16 = 16*STM-1 = Mbps(2.5G)
STM64 = 64*STM-1= Mbps

4. Limitations in traditional SDH
No native data interfaces (e.g. Ethernet)
Was designed for constant bit rate voice serices
Requirement of SDH to Ethernet converters.
Inefficient utilization of bandwidth.
Granularity varies either to 2 Mbps or 34 Mbps or 140 Mbps

5. Next-Generation SDH Key feature: Data transport over SDH
Data (e.g. Ethernet) interfaces on SDH
Efficient Use of bandwidth
Hitless increase/decrease of bandwidth
Key technologies
Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) ITU-T G7041
Virtual concatenation (VCAT) ITU-T G7042
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) ITU-TG707

6. ? That’s “ NGSDH “ NG SDH at the Edge GFP VC LCAS Customer Operator
Core
Adaptation
Customer
Operator
SONET/
SDH
SONET MUX/DEMUX
Native Interfaces
Ethernet
Ficon
Escon
Fibre
Channel
GFP
Generic
Frame
Procedure VC
Virtual
Concatenation
LCAS
Link
Capacity
Adjustment
Scheme ?
That’s “ NGSDH “

7. Generic Frame Procedure
GFP is defined to encapsulate variable length
Payload of various client signals for subsequent
transport over SDH Networks.
Converts variable bit rate data traffic to constant
bit rate traffic to transport over SDH
Eliminates the need of Ethernet to SDH converters

8. GFP Header or IDLE frames
GFP-F AND GFP-T
GFP-T
1GigE
IDLE LE
Eth
Eth. Frame
Ethernet Frame
GFP-F
Frame by Frame
GFP
Transparent
GFP Header or IDLE frames
Block by Block
fixed
variable

9. GFP Operation Modes GFP IDLE Frame:  Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”)00
GFP-F (Framed Mapped):
 For packet oriented clients, e.g. Ethernet
One Client Packet = packed in one GFP frame (1:1)
Layer 2 service
Minimal overhead
GFP-T (Transparent Mapped):
 Client characters are directly mapped in GFP-T frames e.g. Fibre Channel (800 Mbps),ESCON(200 Mbps)
Fixed length GFP frames
Layer 1 service
 Minimal Latency
GFP IDLE Frame:
 Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”)

10. Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)

11. SDH MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURE

12. Concatenation
Concatenation is the process of summing the bandwidth of X containers of the same type into a larger container.
Offers pipes of variable bandwidth in increments down to 2 Mbit/s through an existing SDH network, with no changes needed to the network infrastructure.
A further advantage is that each pipe can have its capacity distributed across multiple fibres

13. Concatenation methods
Contiguous concatenation,
Virtual concatenation

14. Contiguous concatenation
Contiguous concatenation, which creates big containers that cannot split into smaller pieces during transmission.
For this, each NE must have a concatenation functionality.
Supports only containers VC4 and above

15. Transporting Concatenated Signals
Contiguous Concatenation
One Path
C-4
C-4
C-4 NE NE
VC-4-4c
Core Network

16. Virtual concatenation
Virtual concatenation, which transports the individual VCs and aggregates them at the end point of the transmission path. For this, concatenation functionality is only needed at the path termination equipment.
Allows concatenation of lower granulaties ie VC12,VC3 & also VC4 containers.

17. Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
At the source node VCAT creates a continuous payload equivalent to X times the VC-n
The set of X containers is known as a Virtual Container Group (VCG), and each individual VC is a member of the VCG.

18. Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!
VC Nomenclature
Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!
VC-n
Virtual Container n
n=4, 3, 12
Defines the type of virtual containers, which will be virtually concatenated. -X
Number of
virtually
concatenated
containers
All X Virtual Containers form together the “Virtual Concatenated Group” (VCG) v
Indictor for
Virtual
Concatenation
v = virtual concatenation
c = contiguous concatenation

19. Virtual concatenation
10 Base-T
VC 4
Gigabit E

20. VC Rate Efficiencies More services integrated- by using VC!
Data Rates Efficiency w/o VC using VC
Ethernet (10M) VC3 20% VC-12-5v  92%
Fast Ethernet (100M) VC-4 67% VC-12-46v  100%
Gigabit Ethernet (1G) VC-4-16c 42% VC-4-7v  85%
ESCON (200M) VC-4-4c 33% VC-3-4v  100%
Fibre Channel (800M) VC-4-16c 33% VC-4-6v  89%
100M Ethernet
STM-1
= 63 x VC-12
VC-12-5v
VC-12-46v
2x 10M Ethernet
7x E1 Services
Example:
More services integrated- by using VC!

21. Transporting Concatenated Signals
VC-4-2v
Virtual Concatenation
VC-4 #2 #1
VC-4 #1
Path 2
Path 1 #2
Differential Delay
VC-4 #2 #1
VC-4 #2 #1

22. Contiguous and Virtual Concatenation

23. LCAS Methodology
LCAS methodology offers dynamically and hitlessly change
(i.e. increase and decrease ) the capacity of a contiguous payload
container , transported in a generic SDH or OTN transport N/W.
LCAS methodology also offers survivability capabilities.
LCAS will be applied to the entire VCG.

24. Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
LCAS (ITU-T G.707) provides bandwidth management flexibility.
LCAS allows hitless addition or reduction of bandwidth
LCAS is the key to provide “bandwidth on demand”.

25. Bandwidth on demand Network Management NG VC-12-3v LCAS +VC-12 ISP
Transport Network NG
ISP
Customer’s LAN
Network Management
VC-12-3v
+VC-12
LCAS

26. Bandwidth on Schedule NG 900M Location A Location B 100M
Transport Network NG
Location A
Location B
100M
900M

27. Block Diagram of NGSDH

28. NGN NEs MSPP Multi Service Provisioning Platform
MSTP Multi Service Transport Platform
MSSP Multi Service Switch Platform

29. TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM Actual Figure
Alarm Display Panel
Multi Function Card (MFC3)
Cooling Fans
Slots 7&8 Extended Cross Connect Cards (XCET)
Slot 1& E1 Termination Card (TET252E1)
Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o + 8xSTM1e (AGG06)
Slots 9,10,11,12 -STM-16 Line Cards (A010000)
Slot GE+32FE+32FX Ports Card (ELAN05D)
Slots 4&5 - Cross Connection Control Cards (XCC05)

30. TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM Actual Figure
Alarm Display Panel
Multi Function Card (MFC3)
Cooling Fans
Slots 7&8 Extended Cross Connect Cards (XCET)
Slot 1& E1 Termination Card (TET252E1)
Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o + 8xSTM1e (AGG06)
Slots 9,10,11,12 -STM-16 Line Cards (A010000)
Slot GE+32FE+32FX Ports Card (ELAN05D)
Slots 4&5 - Cross Connection Control Cards (XCC05)

31. THANKS
Thanks