1. 1Communication in Groups and Teams Chapter 9 skipped (Personal Relationship) Chapter 9 skipped (Personal Relationship) 1.Why are groups and teams becoming increasingly popular 2.How do groups and teams differ? 3.What are the potential strengths of group discussion? 4.What are the potential limits of group discussion? 5.Do groups need single leaders? 6.How can conflict enhance work in groups and teams? 7.How does communication shape group and team climate?

2. 2Communication in Groups and Teams Team 團隊的圖像 Team 團隊的圖像

3. 3Communication in Groups and Teams Work together, or On your own? Research found sound reasons for both Research found sound reasons for both Groups (vs. Individuals) Groups (vs. Individuals) More time to reach decisions Superior decisions Stimulates creativity, may suppress individuals

4. 4Communication in Groups and Teams Groups in Daily Lives Social groups Provides stimulation of conversation and recreation Provides stimulation of conversation and recreation Relaxed, informal, more interpersonal Relaxed, informal, more interpersonal Personal growth groups Enable people to deal with issues in supportive context Enable people to deal with issues in supportive context Task groups To solve problems, achieve goals To solve problems, achieve goals

5. 5Communication in Groups and Teams Defining Groups & Teams A Group People interact People interact People are interdependent People are interdependent Have a common goal Have a common goal Share some rules of conduct Share some rules of conduct A Team A special kind of group A special kind of group 1.Different & complementary resources of members 2.A strong sense of collective identity; greater interdependence

6. 6Communication in Groups and Teams Six Kinds of Group in Business and Civic Life (pp. 258-261) Project teams 工作團隊 Focus group 焦點團體 Brainstorming groups 腦力激盪小組 Advisory Groups 顧問團 ; 諮詢小組 Quality circles 改進小組 ; 策進小組 Decision making groups 決策小組

7. 7Communication in Groups and Teams Rules for Brainstorming Do not evaluate ideas; no criticism. Record ideas so everyone can see them. Quantity; the more ideas, the better. Build on ideas; extension. Encourage creativity.

8. 8Communication in Groups and Teams Agenda for Problem-solving (or Decision-making) Phase 1: Define the problem Phase 2: Analyze information relevant to the problem Phase 3: Generate criteria for assess solutions Phase 4: Identify potential solutions Phase 5: Select the best solution Phase 6: Implement the solution (or recommend it) Phase 7: Develop an action plan to monitor the effectiveness of the solution p. 262 (Figure 10.2)

9. 9Communication in Groups and Teams Potential Limitation & Strength of Groups Limitations Time needed Time needed Conformity pressure Conformity pressure Majority opinion different from minority One extremely charismatic member Strengths Greater resources Greater resources More thorough thought More thorough thought Heightened creativity Heightened creativity Enhanced commitment to decisions Enhanced commitment to decisions (Synergy): (Synergy): Special energy that enlarges efforts, talents…of individuals Total effects more than the sum of individual effects

10. 10Communication in Groups and Teams Features of Small Groups (5 features) Cohesion: closeness, spirit among member, Cohesion grows out of communication. Cohesion grows out of communication. 3 ways to promote cohesion 3 ways to promote cohesion Emphasize shared goals; reinforce group identity Highlight similarity among members Be responsive so all member feel valued Excessive cohesion →Groupthink (ceased critical thinking) Excessive cohesion →Groupthink (ceased critical thinking) Group size Size affects amount and quality of communication Size affects amount and quality of communication Larger vs. smaller groups Larger vs. smaller groups Five-seven, optimal (most researchers agree) Five-seven, optimal (most researchers agree)

11. 11Communication in Groups and Teams Features of Small Groups Power structure Power over: emphasizing status Power over: emphasizing status Power to: empowering others; fostering win-win Power to: empowering others; fostering win-win Distributed power structure vs. Hierarchical Distributed power structure vs. Hierarchical Social climbing: trying to increase personal status by winning approval of higher-status member Social climbing: trying to increase personal status by winning approval of higher-status member Interaction pattern Centralized vs. Decentralized patterns Centralized vs. Decentralized patterns Proxemics: communication relevant to space Proxemics: communication relevant to space Group norms

12. 12Communication in Groups and Teams Challenges (1) (3 challenges) Participating constructively Four types of communication in groups (p. 269) Four types of communication in groups (p. 269) Task communication Procedural communication Climate communication Egocentric communication (dysfunctional)

13. 13Communication in Groups and Teams Challenges (2) Providing leadership Leadership is born, or made? (research found no coherent leader traits) Leadership is born, or made? (research found no coherent leader traits) Leadership, Not leader Leadership, Not leader Establish good working climate, organize group processes, ensure substantive discussion, and control disruptive members Establish good working climate, organize group processes, ensure substantive discussion, and control disruptive members

14. 14Communication in Groups and Teams Challenges (3) Managing conflict constructively Conflict is natural, can be productive (Ch. 3) Conflict is natural, can be productive (Ch. 3) Disruptive (vs. Constructive conflict) Disruptive (vs. Constructive conflict) Competitive tone Self-interested focus Personal attack Constructive Constructive Respect for diverse opinions Emphasize shared goals Cooperative focus, open climate

15. 15Communication in Groups and Teams 團隊時間 鄰近座位的 5-6 位同學，自行組一個團隊 請各團隊討論 15 分鐘： 如何提高本校實習電台知名度？ 如何提高本校實習電台知名度？ 如何提高收聽率？ 如何提高收聽率？ 具體的行動策略。 ( 沒有很多經費 ) 具體的行動策略。 ( 沒有很多經費 ) 抽兩組上台發表 ( 加分 ) 發表討論結果 發表討論結果 分享討論的過程： leadership, climate, procedure, conflicts,… 分享討論的過程： leadership, climate, procedure, conflicts,…