1. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved asia technologies Invites you for a Walk Thro’ The land of “RFID”

2. Auto Identification Technologies Help machines to identify Objects, People and Animals.

3. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Bar code OCR Voice Recognition Biometrics (retinal scan, Fingerprint,etc) Other Auto Id Technologies

4. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What is RFID? Radio waves People Objects & Objects & animals animalsPeople Objects & Objects & animals animals to identify

5. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved How to identify? Storing Serial number of “subject” to be identified on an attached microchip equipped with antenna This Serial number is termed as “Unique Identification Code” (UID)

6. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Barcode Most pervasive Auto ID Technology is Barcode BARCODE VS RFID WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE

7. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Barcode Vs RFID BARCODERFID LOS is neededNo need for LOS Requires Physical contact Physical contact with the reader is not required Individual scanningSeveral tags can be read at a time Affected by moistureWithstands harsh environment Limited storage capacityHigher storage capacity

8. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID Components Reader or Interrogator Tag or Transponder Host computer (Back-end system)

9. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Elements of RFID System

10. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Reader Functions Queries the tag Obtains information (about product) Decodes the message received from the tag Conveys tag information to the back-end system for processing

11. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Reader – What’s inside?

12. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Tag Microchip + Transponder (or) Tag Antenna }

13. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Passive Transponder What’s inside ?

14. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Types of tag Passive tag - Draws power from the reader signal. Active tag - With battery on board. Semipassive -Passive tag with small battery. It usually incorporates onboard SENSOR to monitor state of item such as temperature. Sleeps until awakened by reader.

15. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Classification of tag Read Only - Programmed by the manufacturer WORM - Write Once-Read Many User initialized after manufacture Read/Write - Information read from or written into the tag by the reader/Writer - Asymmetric read and write operating range

16. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Transponder Examples

17. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved HOW RF BEHAVES? METAL – Metals reflect RF Radio waves bounce off metals WATER/LIQUIDS– RF Waves are absorbed to varying degrees “RFID using LF(<150 KHZ) exhibits better performance and stability in above environments”

18. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Interference Metal interferences  Metal packaging blocks / corrupts signal  some tags may not be read when attached to metal Frequency interferences  Limits identification of a particular tag when surrounded by other tags operating at same frequency.

19. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Data Rate Vs Frequency The larger the quantum of data to be read in given time, the higher the frequency to be deployed in RFID For reading bulk data in short span of time, higher frequencies are used. E.g.. multiple tags in mobile environments.

20. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID Frequencies RFID is characterized by the frequencies used for identification.  Low Frequency - < 135 KHZ  High Frequency - 13.56 MHZ  UHF Frequency - 860-960 MHZ  Microwave (SHF) - 2.4 & 5.9 GHZ

21. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved LF Advantages Free from regulatory limitations Well suited for applications requiring reading small amount of data at slow speeds and minimum distance. Penetrates material well (water, tissue, wood)

22. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved LF Disadvantages Does not penetrate or transmit around metals Handles only small amount of data Slow read speeds Large antennas Minimum range Tag Construction Thicker (compared to 13.56MHz) More complex (more turns required) More expensive (compared to 13.56MHz)

23. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved HF Advantages Well suited for applications requiring reading small amount of data and minimum distance Penetrate water/tissue well Simple antenna design Less expensive Higher data rate Thinner tag construction (compared to LF) This is popularly known as “smart card frequency”

24. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved HF Disadvantages Does not penetrate or transmit around metal Large antenna size (compared to UHF/Microwave frequencies) Larger tag size than at higher frequencies Read range < 0.7 m

25. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved UHF Advantages Effective around metals Ideal for range > 1m Tag size smaller than HF Smaller antenna Higher data rate Controlled read zone (thro’ antenna directionality)

26. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved UHF Disadvantages Does not penetrate water/tissue Regulations (different frequency bands in different countries)

27. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Tag Reading Capability Anti collision -- Ability to communicate with several transponders simultaneously -- Important in longer range readers -- Implemented at silicon chip design stage

28. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved STANDARDS – Why? To increase customer confidence in new technology To promote worldwide RFID acceptance and technology advancement To broad base market for manufacturers stimulate competition and reduce costs for end users. To facilitate application development by encouraging interoperability & by reducing customization To provide development platform for complementary products (software translators, hardware accessories)

29. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID STANDARDS Two international standards making bodies ISO EPC Global Conflicting EPC Objectives: Primary Mission Low cost tag standard Standard to be open for tracking purposes Open Network architecture to enable anyone to access the information from database using unique ID.

30. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved EPC – Tag Data Format Size -- 96 bits Header -- Defines data types(8 bit) EPC Manager-- Details of orginator(34 bit) Object Class -- Describes Product type(20 bit) Serial number -- Unique ID for Product(34 bit)

31. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved UHF RFID standard for India India adopts 865-867 MHz for RFID Wireless Planning and Co-ordination (WPC) Under Ministry of Communication assigned the 865- 867MHz band for RFID

32. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Applications Broad Classes Proximity or Short Range Vicinity or Long Range Proximity – E.g.. Access control Mass transit ticketing Vicinity –E.g.. Railcar tracking Highway toll collection Supply chain management

33. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID Applications Broadly applied to five market segments Track &Trace Manufacturing Asset management Security & access control Consumer applications

34. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Track & Trace Track and trace is a broad umbrella concept popularly known as SCM The right label can take the labor out of track and trace processes Includes Parcel and postal application

35. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Supply chain management Tagging pallets, cases & returnable containers

36. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Supply chain management Gives total asset visibility Date of manufacture written into tag memory to facilitate selling by date & avoiding spoilage and out of stock

37. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Parcel and post Improves tracking during sorting and delivery processes Features: Line of sight not required Orientation of items is not a concern

38. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Manufacturing Most technologically advanced element of supply chain Sophisticated IT system geared for real time data Manufacturer assumes responsibility for product life cycle management Potential gains in terms of cost reduction & added value

39. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Manufacturing Features on assembly line: Read/write tags High accuracy Real-time inventory of raw material, WIP & finished goods. Enables tracking of product genealogy

40. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Manufacturing Monitoring of post production performance Simplifies product recall Realization of JIT

41. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Asset management For high value items in Warehouses Manufacturing plants Offices Complexes Using RFID tag – transmitting periodic signals RFID tag – transmitting periodic signals Intelligent locators Intelligent locators Central computer Central computer

42. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Asset management Common Applications: Library management File & document tracking Gas cylinder management Warehouse management

43. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Library management Features: Automates issues and returns  Automates issues and returns  Provides real time inventory visibility  Scanners on shelves for automated inventory  Minimizes labor cost

44. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved File and document tracking Important and valuable document files can be RFID tagged to facilitate security, location tracking and filing.

45. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Gas cylinder management Reduction of gas cylinder losses Delivery warranty Personalized invoice Automation of processes

46. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Warehouse management

47. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Warehouse Management Warehouse,Inventor y Special equipment, Labor resources Warehouse,Inventor y Special equipment, Labor resources Receiving, Put-away Light assembly Order pick-up & Shipment Receiving, Put-away Light assembly Order pick-up & Shipment To direct flow of material & information Manages

48. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Security & access control Data from smartcard sent to control zone computer After authentication door/gate is released for entry/exit For high security areas, biometric feature is included Operates with long range antenna controlling turnstile or revolving door Data display system to facilitate supervision Common Applications:  Access control  Airline baggage tagging  Parking lot access  Vehicle identification

49. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Access control Involves identity card with RFID tag Feature: Contactless, secure & tamper-proof

50. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Airline Baggage tagging Airlines have successfully run. RFID trials Improved read rates(99%) with RFID Rewriting feature on tag provides additional functionality at checkpoints

51. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Parking Lot Access RFID Provides  Quick identification of vacant lots  Automatically records entry/exit data  Provides complete vehicle history  Automated collection of parking tolls

52. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Vehicle identification Environment: Fleet and vehicles in facility Features: Determines current position of each vehicle in facility Information stored in database for integration with fleet MIS

53. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Consumer applications Typical  Garments  Laundry  Healthcare  Automatic ticketing  Retail  Jewellery management

54. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Garments Value for brand owners Authentication of garments by unique identity Facilitates detection of counterfeit Minimizes shrinkage and out of stock

55. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Laundry Most reliable automation Increased productivity & profitability because of 100% read rate 100% Tracking from laundry to customer premises Reduction of losses - Optimum inventory management

56. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Healthcare

57. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Automatic ticketing Contactless card / ticket used Feature: Minimal reader maintenance Eliminate fraudulent use of counterfeit tickets

58. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Jewellery management Designed to manage & track at retail level Feature: Increases operational efficiency, security and accuracy of inventory management Avoids theft and loss of jewels

59. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Miscellaneous applications  Animal tagging  Waste management  Road toll management  Sports time recording  Paper reel tracking  People tracking  Ore tracking

60. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Animal identification Mandatory in US & Canada consequent to mad cow disease provides information regarding identity and lineage of animals Technology Features: 135KHz LF used (ISO 11784, ISO 11785) Read rates 90% max, short range & directional sensitivity UHF system with better read rates under consideration.

61. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Waste management Facilitates Real time monitoring of operations Optimization of Waste collection Accurate billing for the citizen

62. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Automatic toll collection Benefits: Increases patron convenience and safety with nonstop payment Improves traffic flow/reduces commute times Reduces traffic congestion Lowers operating costs for toll operators Provides proven reliability and unparalleled accuracy

63. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Sports Timing Records or collect the perfect timing data of athletes in marathon Features: Withstand harsh weather condition because the glass tag is packaged in specially designed plastic Guards against Fraud

64. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Paper reel tracking Tracking paper reel thro’ production & further through global paper supply chains Paper reels are moved on conveyer belts and by clamp trucks Provide 100% multi read capability RFID reader positioned on conveyor belt, clamp trucks & docking doors

65. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved People tracking Used in Entrance management for security Contact management at events Monitoring physical movements Baby tags in hospitals Goals: To obtain real time location of individual within tracking zone Provide value added services with same infrastructure

66. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Ore tracking

67. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Ore tracking Tracking of wet ores on conveyor belt in rugged mining environment Reliable reading at conveyor speeds up to 5m/sec Tag with primary flexible packaging and secondary packaging of PU Reader height: 30-50cm above are.

68. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID in the pharmaceutical industry Pedigree reporting: Track medications from component parts to distribution Anti-counterfeiting: Identify counterfeit drugs before they are distributed Anti-diversion: Improve the distribution of drugs according to need Cold chain management: Verify the proper transport of temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals

69. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What is the limit... The Sky? or Your I m agination

70. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What happens to the RFID data gathered by readers? This data is processed by “MIDDLEWARE”

71. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What is middleware? Software layer residing between RFID hardware & Existing back-end system application software

72. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved System Infrastructure Reader.. middlewaremiddlewaremiddlewaremiddleware Ent erp rise Ap plic ati on

73. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What does it do? Extracts data from readers Filters Aggregates the information Routes data to enterprise system (WMS, ERP etc)

74. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved What does RFID cost Fixed costs Readers Antenna Printers Network infrastructure Data collection software Business middleware Integration, installation and training Variable costs Tag Tag application (labor support and maintenance)

75. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Hardware Cost Trends Initially High Costs inhibited adoption of RFID Now With advances in Technology Standardization efforts There is steady decline in costs.

76. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Prices will plummet

77. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved Benefits of RFID Facilitates process automation Improves security & prevents theft through access control Determines real time location of tagged objects Improves management of tracked objects Authenticates products and protects brand name & know-how Promotes enterprise- wide innovation

78. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID Hardware Vendors IPICO Texas Instruments UPM raflatac FEIG Printronix Sokymat smartkey Securakey wavetrend Alientechnology AWID sirit symbol Psion techlogix Omron rfid IRIS Power ID Intelleflex Savi technology IDENTC SOLTIONS SCANPAK SAMSys Tagsense inc.

79. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID is Simply NOT a PRODUCT But an Enabled Technology

80. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID - as a technology Changes old ways of doing things  Alters competitive position Create new industry  Changes work practices  Expands the role of system integration Brings a fundamental different value proposition

81. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID - as a technology Leads to emergence of  new products  Redefinition of industry  Shake-up of competitive structure Fundamentally changes market for products and services of companies

82. Asia Technologies Limited – Training Materials – All Rights Reserved RFID is not hype It is