2. POSITIVE NEGATIVE HIGH AROUSAL LOW AROUSAL Elated Sleepy Angry Sad Proud Satisfied Interested Annoyed Surprised Fatigued Afraid Ashamed Emotions are Valenced

3. Common-Sense Theory StimulusPerceptionEmotion Bodily Arousal HottieExcitement Sweating Racing Heart

4. William James’ Theory StimulusPerception Bodily Arousal Emotion HottieExcitement Sweating Racing Heart

5. Current Two-Path Theory StimulusPerception Thoughtful Interpreter Emotion Quick Interpreter Bad!Actor FEAR Relief

13. Emotion SM SM: A life-long pattern of social and emotional inadequacy. Urbach-Wiethe Disease 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Happy Angry Afraid Surprised Disgusted Mean Correlation with Normals SM Control

15. Emotion Facial Expressions NeutralAngerDisgustFear HappySadSurpriseNeutral

16. Emotion Fear  heart rate Decreased appetite Increased startle Defecation Decreased pain reactivity  motor activity Rodent Increase heart rate Decreased appetite Increased startle Increased motility Decreased pain reactivity Decrease motor activity Central State of Fear Human

21. 13-09 W. W. Norton

22. 13-08c W. W. Norton