1. Ordovician EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

2. Silurian EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

3. Plants in the Paleozoic EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Stromatolites Blue-green algae Abundant in Cambrian

4. Plants in the Paleozoic EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Green algae Receptaculids Chlorophytes Silurian to Devonian Unknown affinity “Sunflower coral” Not sunflower or coral

5. Plants in the Paleozoic EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Land Plants Cooksonia Silurian

6. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

7. Extinction Processes Extinction strikes on the land and in the sea. On the land, while animals suffer repeatedly, plants tend to be highly resistant to mass extinctions. Preferential disappearance of tropical forms of life during mass extinctions. Tendency of certain groups of animals to experience them repeatedly (for example, trilobites and ammonoids). Alleged equal spacing, or periodicity in geological time (occurring about every 26 million years). Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

8. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

9. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE

10. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Ordovician Mass Extinction Second most devastating in earth history Caused by glaciation and associated lowering of sea level

11. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Devonian Mass Extinction Caused by glaciation or meteorite impact

12. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Permian Mass Extinction 90-95% of marine species became extinct in the Permian Caused by formation of Pangea, glaciation, volcanic eruptions

13. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Triassic Mass Extinction 25% of all families became extinct at end of Triassic Caused by climate change (increase in rainfall)?

14. Mass Extinctions EARLY PALEOZOIC LIFE Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Mass Extinction 85% of all species died in the K-T extinction Caused by meteorite impact and/or volcanic eruptions

15. The Age of Fishes Named for outcrops near Devonshire, England Named by Sedgewick and Murchison in 1839 prior to bitter arguments Includes the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland and Wales THE DEVONIAN

16. The Age of Fishes THE DEVONIAN

18. Kaskaskia Sequence Began in Devonian and continued to the end of the Mississippian Craton again flooded

19. THE DEVONIAN Kaskaskia Sequence Began with deposition of clean quartz sand Initial deposit of transgressing sea Oriskany Sandstone

20. THE DEVONIAN Kaskaskia Sequence Oriskany Sandstone Some heavy minerals Indicate source area Sandstone followed by Limestones Salts and gypsum Shales

21. THE DEVONIAN Acadian Orogeny

22. THE DEVONIAN Devonian Paleogeography

23. THE DEVONIAN Devonian Paleogeography

24. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Thick folded sequence of turbidites Intruded with rhyolites and granites Destroyed the marine depositional basin off eastern US coast

25. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Nonmarine clastics shed to west

26. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Changes from conglomerate to shale going east to west

27. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Catskill Clastic Wedge

28. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Catskill Clastic Wedge

29. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Catskill Clastic Wedge Nonmarine rocks – red color Braided or meandering streams

30. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Catskill Clastic Wedge

31. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Catskill Clastic Wedge First forests Gilboa, NY

32. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Gilboa, NY Fossils Winifred Goldring NY State Paleontologist First woman to hold title Aneurophyton (foliage) Eospermatopteris (tree)

33. THE DEVONIAN Impact of Avalonian Terrane Gilboa, NY Reconstruction of Forest

34. THE DEVONIAN Europe Old Red Sandstone Equivalent to Catskill Clastic Wedge

35. THE DEVONIAN Acadian shales Chattanooga Shale Few fossils, stagnant anoxic water High organic content, black, phytoplankton bloom

36. THE DEVONIAN Western US Williston Basin Reefs developed Salt and gypsum Extensive oil reserves

37. THE DEVONIAN Western US Antler Orogeny Late Devonian to Pennsylvanian Began with subduction on west coast

38. THE DEVONIAN Western US Antler Orogeny Late Devonian to Pennsylvanian Convergence of volcanic island arc

39. THE DEVONIAN Western US Antler OrogenyConvergence of volcanic island arc

40. THE DEVONIAN Devonian Paleogeography