1. 1 J-PARC Overview Shoji Nagamiya J-PARC Center High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) October 15, 2008 ATHIC2008, Tsukuba

2. 2 J-PARC Overview Shoji Nagamiya J-PARC Center High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) October 15, 2008 ATHIC2008, Tsukuba

3. 3 Nuclear Transmutation (Phase 2) Joint Project between KEK and JAEA 2 Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Hadron Beam Facility ５００ｍ Linac (330m) Neutrino to Kamiokande J-PARC Facility 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) GeV= 10 ９ electron volt J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

4. 4 Location of J-PARC at Tokai Tsukuba Tokai 1 hour 295 km JAEA J-PARC

5. 5 Goals at J-PARC Need to have high-power proton beams  MW-class proton accelerator (current frontier is about 0.1 MW) R&D toward Transmutation at 0.6 GeV Nuclear & Particle Physics at 50 GeV Materials & Life Sciences at 3 GeV

6. 6 Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008 J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA ） Linac North to South Accelerators 50 GeV Synchrotron JFY2008 Beams 500 m CY2007 Beams 3 GeV Synchrotron

7. 7 Superconducting magnets for the neutrino beamline 50GeV Synchrotron （ 1600 ｍ） 3 GeV Synchrotron (350 ｍ） Linac （ 330 ｍ）

8. 8 Phase 1 and Phase 2 –Phase 1 + Phase 2 = 1,890 Oku Yen (= $1.89 billions if $1 = 100 Yen). –Phase 1 = 1,527 Oku Yen (= $1.5 billions) for 〜 8 years. –JAEA: 860 Oku Yen (56%), KEK: 667 Oku Yen (44%). JAEA Portion KEK Portion

9. 9 Construction Schedule Construction Start Time when this schedule was created (J-PARC Center started) Now Open to Users

10. 10 J-PARC Facility (KEK/JAEA ） Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008 South to North Experimental Areas Neutrino Beams (to Kamioka) JFY2009 Beams 50 GeV Synchrotron Hadron Exp. Facility Materials and Life Experimental Facility JFY2008 Beams 3 GeV Synchrotr on CY2007 Beams Linac

11. 11 Materials and Life Experimental Facility Facility similar to SNS in the US and to ISIS in the UK

12. 12 Experimental Devices Muon Experimental Area Neutron Scattering Area Materials & Life Experimental Facility Neutron Beam Lines (23 total) Neutron Beam Lines (23 total) Target Station Scattered Neutrons Proton Beam Proton Beam

13. 13 Mercury Target for Neutrons Container Rail Muon Production Area Neutron Source Experimental Hall The 1 st Hall Muon Hall The 2 nd Hall The 1 st Hall （ Neutron Area ） 2008.5.30. First Neutrons 2008.12. Open to Users

14. 14 Preparation of Neutron Equipments Beam Test （ JAEA ） Fundamental physics （ KEK) 23 beam liens are available. Application for equipment open to public. About 10 equipments within JFY2008. Super High Resolution Powder Diffractometer (SHRPD) - KEK IBARAKI Biological Crystal Diffractometer - Ibaraki Prefecture Protein Dynamics Analysis Instrument (DIANA) – JAEA Nuclear Interaction （ Hokkaido 、ＪＳ Ｔ） High-intensity Versatile Neutron Total Diffractometer - KEK, NEDO 4d Space Access Neutron Spectrometer(4SEASON S) -Grant-in-Aid for Specially -Promoted Research, MEXT, IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer - Ibaraki Prefecture Engineering Diffractomete r - JAEA Neutron Reflectometer with Horizontal-Sample Geometry - KEK High-intensity SANS (HI-SANS) - JAEA Proton beam Life Science Materials Science

15. 15 Example of Test Results in June, 2008 Bragg Diffraction Obtained at KEK KENS Result at J-PARC (world record) Lattice distance

16. 16 New Invention for Moderator Protons Neutron Source AIC Decoupler （ blue ） Covers around the entire surface Toward beamline Hydrogen Neutrons from Reflector Neutron beams Moderator Ag,In,Cd

17. 17 Muon Lifetime and Muon Rotation Lifetime = 2.2  s Muon Spin Rotation in a Magnetic Field September 26, 2008

18. 18 Expected Power vs. Actual Power Actual 1.5 years ahead November of 2003 Power at KEK-Booster = 3 kW

19. 19 Neutrino Experimental Facility Number of Users: about 400 (about 1/6 from Japan) Experiments with Intense Neutrino Beams Super Kamiokande 295 km West

20. 20 Neutrino Oscillation (T2K) Experiment ４０ｍ ４１．４ｍ J-PARC Mu Neutrino Super Kamiokande Electron Neutrino 100 times sensitivity as compared with K2K T2K Exp. Electron neutrinos Mu neutrinos  13 ←→ Mixing between the 1st and 3rd generation 100 neutrinos150 neutrinos For example Dissapearance of neutrions ←→ Finite Mass e   T2K 大気ニュートリノ 加速器ニュートリノ 太陽ニュートリノ 原子炉ニュートリノ KamLAND, SNO Kamoka, K2K, MINOS, etc. Competition with FNAL and CERN ! 一コマ CP violation experiment later by increasing intensity

21. 21 Layout for Neutrino Experiment Muon monitors @ ~140m –spill-by-spill monitoring of  beam direction/intensity First Front detector @280m –0 degree definition –High stat. neutrino inter. studies Second Front Detector @ ~2km – Ultimate systematics –Now fixing the site Far detector @ 295km –Super-Kamiokande (50kt) 1.5km 295km 0.28km Neutrino spectra at diff. dist Dominant Systematic Error in K2K p  140 m0 m280 m2 km295 km Included in the budget Future negotiation  

22. 22 T2KK JPARC Off-axis angle Distance from the target (km) K. Hagiwara Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 137 84 (2004) Kamioka L=295km OA2.5deg Korea L=1000~1250km OA 1.0~2.5deg Hyper-K sign(Dm 2 ) CP violation T2KK (0.27+0.27Mt) T2K-II (0.54Mt) Ishitsuka et al. PRD 72 (2005) 033003 2s 3s

23. 23 Production Area and Decay Volume Decay volume （  →  ） Production Area （ p + A  →  ） Buried under the ground. Neutrino Area Beams in JFY2009

24. 24 Hadron Experimental Facility Number of Users: about 600 Experiments with Intense K-Meson Beams (Kaon Factory)

25. 25 ?   S  K  S  Shrinkage  by 50% in radius  Y. Akaishi, et al. PL B613, 140 (2005) K - Bound State M. Angello, et al. PRL 94, 212303 (2005) Partial de confinement of quarks  Mass change  Nucleus Hyper nucleus   S  Day-1 Experiments at Hadron Facility Anti-quark K Meson Proton or Neutron Quark Shrinkage  by 20 % in radius  K. Tanida, et al. PRL 86 1982 (2001) High Res. Exp. Implantation of Hadron in the Nucleus

26. 26 Pion Implantation K. Suzuki, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072302 (2004) Meson Implantation  Meson Inside nuclear matter the order parameter for pion could be reduced by 1/3 (i.e., partial restoration of chiral symmetry) RHIC LHC J-PARC order parameter

27. 27 Hadron Experimental Area Hadron Area Beam within JFY2008 Now Summer in 2007

28. 28 World Center Materials and Life: One of three world centers, in particular, in Asia. Hadron physics A unique kaon factory in the world. Neutrino physics: As a world leader among the three world centers. J-PARC GSI Hadron (antiprotons) ISIS ：英国ラザフォード研究所の中性子源、 SNS ：米国オークリッジ国立研究所の中性子源 CERN ：欧州合同原子核研究機構、 FNAL ：米国フェルミ国立研究所、 GSI ：ドイツ重イオン 研究所 ISIS SNS Center in neutrons ISIS ：英国ラザフォード研究所の中性子源、 SNS ：米国オークリッジ国立研究所の中性子源 CERN ：欧州合同原子核研究機構、 FNAL ：米国フェルミ国立研究所、 GSI ：ドイツ重イオン 研究所 FNAL CERN Center in neutrino ISIS ：英国ラザフォード研究所の中性子源、 SNS ：米国オークリッジ国立研究所の中性子源 CERN ：欧州合同原子核研究機構、 FNAL ：米国フェルミ国立研究所 Hadron (Kaons) ISIS ：英国ラザフォード研究所の中性子源、 SNS ：米国オークリッジ国立研究所の中性子源 CERN ：欧州合同原子核研究機構、 FNAL ：米国フェルミ国立研究所、 GSI ：ドイツ重イオン 研究所 Formation of the world center is the next issue! World leading accelerator facility is about to be completed. Internationalization is, however, the urgent issue to solve!

29. 29 Major Upgrades under Discussions Neutrons and Muons –Neutron equipments: How to fill the 23 beamlines (so far about ten were funded). –Muon equipments: Among four beamlines, only one will be in operation in 2008. Others have to be funded. Hadrons –Must construct several kaon beamlines plus a primary beamline. –Hadron hall expansion (Phase 2: 60m in length to 100m): Necessary to accommodate many user groups (Many requests on this at the Int. Workshop (NP08) held on 5-7 March of 2008). Neutrinos –Power upgrade. –The third detector (at 2 km from J-PARC or at Okinoshima/Korea). Nuclear Transmutation –The major item for Phase 2 … Main Goal for JAEA. Others –Energy upgrade to 50 GeV. –Third extraction line or Fast Extraction at Hadron Hall? –Polarized protons, heavy-ions, ….

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33. 33 Summary Unique Accelerator Project Multi-purpose facility – World class proton facility  Variety of secondary beams  Multipurpose – Broad fields in Science (materials and Life, Nuclear and Particle, Nuclear Industrial, etc.)  Interdisciplinary facility – Big facility with small users (over 1000 user groups) – Open to users for Materials and Life in December of 2008. Start to use the hadron facility within JFY2008. Neutrino beams in JFY2009. Open the Facility to International Scientific Communities and Domestic Industries – Internationalization is still not sufficient. Need to improve this aspect. – Open to industries in the area of neutron sciences. Future Issues: Production of Top-Level Scientific Results – Production of world leading results. – Operation of the facility as the User Facility. – International facility. Open to any countries in the world. – Easier access by the industries.

34. 34 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 INS, U. Tokyo Original KEK Meson Lab. U. Tokyo Present KEK (Govn’t Org.) Monbu-sho JAERI STA Suggestion of Joint Effort Neutrino Const. Start Phase 1 Completion Neutrino Start J-PARC Construction Start JHFNeutron Project MEXT (Ministry of Educ., etc. and Technologies) Present KEK (Non Govn’t Org.) New Joint Institution (JAEA) JNC PS Operation J-PARC Operation JRR-3M Operation J-PARC Center New rule for the operational fund