2. Revolutionizing Our Understanding Of the Earth: Implications for Global Public Health Revolutionizing Our Understanding Of the Earth: Implications for Global Public Health Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. U.S. Navy (Ret.) Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 11 th World Congress of Public Health 8 th Brazilian Congress of Collective Health August 22, 2006 Rio de Janeiro

3. Malaria Endemic Countries, 2003

4. Dr. John Snow’s Map – 1843 London Dr. Valentine Seaman’s 1796 map of yellow fever deaths in New York City Broad Street Pump

5. “Whoever wishes to investigate medicine properly should consider the seasons of the year, and what effects each of them produces. They are not at all alike, but differ much from themselves in regard to their changes. Then the winds, the hot and the cold, especially as are common to all countries, and as peculiar to each locality. We must also consider the qualities of the waters, for as they differ from one to another in taste and weight, so also do they differ much in their qualities.” Hippocrates: 400 BC Air, Water and Places

8. An informed society that uses a comprehensive understanding of the role of the ocean, coasts, and atmosphere in the global ecosystem to make the best social and economic decisions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Vision:

9. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Integrated Drought Information System NOAA National Weather Service Heat Index Program Hydrologic Services Program Storm Surge Model Coral Reef Conservation Program Oceans and Human Health Initiative

10. Rainfall and Malaria Weekly Cases in Niger from 2001 to 2003 Precip (mm/day)

11. High Risk Low Risk June 2005 PredictedJune 2006 Predicted Hantavirus Predictive Risk Map High Risk Low Risk June 2005 PredictedJune 2006 Predicted Several thousand cases annually in South America

12. Managing Health and Economic Consequences Cases in Kenya Related to Rift Valley Fever Health Barrier Trade Barrier Long-Term Nutritional Impact

13. Monitoring Cholera Transmission Risk

14. Advanced Planning in Pohnpei

15. Emergency and Response: Behind the Curve

16. DAY CASES Lab Confirmation Outbreak Detection and Response ResponseDetection/ Reporting First Case Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003 Opportunity for control

17. DAY CASES First CaseDetection/ Reporting Lab Confirmation Response Opportunity for control Effective Health Early Warning - 120 Earth Observations and Monitoring Information Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003 Outreach and stakeholder involvement

18. Earth is a complex system of systems Data is required from multiple observation networks... and systems...

19. A Global Earth Observation System of Systems GEOSS

20. From Observation to Action Achieving Comprehensive, Coordinated, and Sustained Earth Observations for the Benefit of Humankind

21. Algeria Argentina Australia Bahrain Belgium Belize Brazil Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chile China Croatia Cyprus Denmark Egypt European Commission Finland France Germany Guinea-Bissau Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Latvia Luxembourg Malaysia Mali Mauritius Mexico Morocco Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Niger Nigeria Norway Paraguay Philippines Portugal Republic of Korea Republic of the Congo Russian Federation Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sudan Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom United States Uzbekistan www.earthobservations.org 65 Countries and the European Commission 43 Organizations

22. www.noaa.gov/eos.html U.S. Interagency Working Group on Earth Observations Membership Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Institute for Standards and Technology Department of Defense U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Navy Air Force National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Department of State Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Science Foundation Smithsonian Institution Tennessee Valley Authority U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service U.S. Forest Service White House Council on Environmental Quality White House Office of Management and Budget White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

23. 3 2 3 1 3 Americas EuropeAfricaAsia/Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States US (co-chair) Brazil Honduras EC (co-chair) Italy Germany SA (co-chair) Morocco Russia China (co-chair) Japan Thailand Group on Earth Observations Executive Committee (GEO)

24. GEO-NETCast Real-time Benefits for the Health and Other Communities! A real-time global data dissemination system to support a range of societal benefits. Environmental in situ, airborne and space-based observations, products and services will be transmitted to users through satellites. Built on existing dissemination systems with data collection and dissemination hubs around the globe. Data will be divided into channels that user can select based on need.

25. GEOSS Operating Principles Open and Transparent Process Standardized Practices and Protocols User-friendly Formats Interoperable Components

26. Typical Receiver Station Configuration - Dedicated personal computer (~ $1000) Data analysis and processing should be done on separate computer(s) - Satellite antenna dish (1-3 m) (~ $300-1200) - DTH receiver card or box (~ $200)

27. Value-Added

28. Weather and Health Ebola ESA Initiative: Solving the Ebola Enigma

29. Sound Science for Sound Policy Famine Early Warning Systems Network Predicting Drought Understanding El Niño Patterns

30. EPA / NASA Visualizing Movement of Polluted Air

31. Projecting Impact of Smoke Plumes

32. www.earthobservations.org