1. System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Speaker: Jerry Gao Ph.D. San Jose State University email: jerrygao@email.sjsu.edu URL: http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/gaojerry

2. Topic: Wireless System Architecture - Basic Wireless Network Architecture - Analysis and Design Issues for System Architectures - Classification of Wireless-Based Software Systems Architectures - Architectures of Wireless Internet Application Systems - Architectures of Smart Client-Based Application Systems - Mobile-Based System Architectures - Web Clipping System Architecture - The Web ASP System Architecture - Extending Web to Wireless World - Wireless Enterprise System Architecture Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002 Presentation Outline All Rights Reserved

3. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Network Radio tower Web Phone Base Station Switch Mobile Switching Center Radio tower Base Station Phone Mobile Switching Center Wireless Network Architecture and Its Major Components VLR HLR EIR AUC

4. Basic Wireless Network Architecture includes the following components: Cell tower: A cell tower is the site of a cellular telephone transmission facility. Wireless coverage of any city is generally divided into rough hexagonal boundaries, with one cell tower to cover each region. Base station controller (BSC) – A BSC controls a cluster of cell towers. It is responsible for setting up a voice or data call with the mobile terminal and managing handoff when the mobile unit transitions from one cell tower boundary to another without disruption of service. Mobile switching center (MSC). An MSC connects all the base stations to pass communication signals and messages to and from subscribers operating on the network. Home location register (HLR). An HLR keeps track of information regarding the subscriber. (such as last time connection, location,..) Visitor location register (VLR). A VLR records information about mobile units that have roamed into their network from other networks – that is, it tracks visitors. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless Network Architecture and Its Major Components

5. Basic Wireless Network Architecture includes the following components: Mobile identity number (MIN) and electronic serial number (ESN). all phone equipment used in a wireless network carries these Ids. They are used for verification, authentication, and billing purposes. Equipment identity register (EIR). An EIR stores and checks the status of MINs and ESNs. Authentication center (Auc). An AuC is responsible for authentication and validation of services for each mobile device attempting to use the network. Operations and Maintenance Center (OMC). An OMC is connected to the network to provide functions such as billing, network management, customer care, and service provisioning. Redio Frequency (RF) transceiver. An RF transceiver is a combination transmitter/receiver in a single package. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless Network Architecture and Its Major Components

6. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002All Rights Reserved PSTN Cell tower Web Phone Base Station (BSC) SwitchMobile Switching Center (MSC) Phone Wireless Network Architecture and Its Major Components VLR HLR EIR AUC 1. Outgoing Call 2. Setup connection To BSC 3. Setup connection To MSC 4. Query for authentication, service Qualification, feature, location 5. Return information 6. Call routed to destination

7. Topic: Wireless System Architecture What kind of spectrum and power?( 20-year cycle ) - what spectrum? - what power and speed? - anticipate standards. Evaluate WAN, LAN, and PAN utility. - decide wireless business model. What is the network structure?( 10-year cycle ) - towers and base stations - network structure - match application to network data rates. What kind of services?( 5-year cycle ) - identify servers and browsers? - design XML architecture, 3-tier services, and application server. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002 Design Issues for Mobile-Based System Architectures All Rights Reserved

8. Topic: Wireless System Architecture What kind of mobile devices?( 2-year cycle ) - evaluate emulators and SDK. - prepare for devices and chipset capability. What types of protocols? - air interface protocols - wired communication protocols What kind of content?( every season, month, week) - determine publication model, databases, editing workflow, and information design - content layout, organization, and structure Who are the users? - Evaluate user interface, voice, media, and data use What technology? - Evaluate and select technology Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002 Design Issues for Mobile-Based System Architectures All Rights Reserved

9. Topic: Wireless System Architecture What is the security solution? - Network security (air security) - User access control - Secured communication, channels, sessions - Secured server and applications - Client security What are the standards? - network standards - protocol standards - technology standards Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002 Design Issues for Mobile-Based System Architectures All Rights Reserved

10. Classification of Wireless-Based Software Applications: It is the proprietary language for Palm PDAs. Users can access specific content on the Internet over BellSouth’s Mobitex network (Palm.net) or use OmniSky’s data network (AT&T). Palm also offers email applications for Palm VII. Two key design principles: Information transfer (user navigation and interaction) is based on simple query and response (rather than hyperlinks). Each client request is in the form of a query back to the server. An application is partitioned so that the query portion resides on the PDA (PQA). Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Software System Architectures

11. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Different Types of Wireless-Based Software Applications Mobile Commerce Systems Wireless Marketing Systems Mobile Billing and Payment Systems Wireless Advertising Systems Wireless Groupware Systems Wireless Answering System Wireless Yellow Page Mobile Portal Systems Mobile-Based Trading Systems Location-Based Sales Systems Wireless Instant Messaging Systems Wireless Information Service Systems Wireless eCRM Systems Wireless Navigation Systems Wireless Personal Groupware Wireless Address Book Wireless Groupware Wireless Email System Mobile Scheduling System Personal Navigation System Wireless Entertainment Systems Mobile Digital Games Wireless Music Box Wireless e-Books Mobile Movie Station Mobile Travel System

12. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Different Types of Wireless-Based Software Applications Wireless-Based Enterprise Systems Mobile-Based Rental Car Service Systems Mobile-Based School Service Systems Mobile-Based Hotel Service Systems Wireless-Based Flood Forecasting System Wireless-Based Security Monitoring System Wireless-Based Sensor Control Systems Mobile-Based Government Service Systems Wireless-Based Weather Forecasting System Wireless-Based Real-Time Control Systems Mobile-Based Healthcare Service Systems Wireless-Based Customer Service Systems Mobile Parking Service System Mobile Restaurant Service System Wireless Email System Personal Navigation System Mobile Publishing Systems Mobile Magazine & News Mobile Content Portals Mobile Copy and Printing Mobile Media Service

13. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Different Architectures of Wireless-Based Application Systems Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems - Mobile Content Access Systems - Mobile Interactive Application Systems - Complex Mobile Application Systems Wireless-Based Messaging Systems - Peer-to-Peer Messaging Systems - Application-to-Application Messaging Systems Mobile Smart Application Systems - PDA-based smart application systems - PocketPC-oriented smart application systems Mobile Enterprise Application Systems

14. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless Internet Architecture PDA Wireless Web Server DB Sever Wireless Network Wireless Network Web Phone Pocket PC Firewall Middleware Application Server Data Store Wireless Network Wireless Micro browser Wireless Micro browser Wireless Micro browser

15. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems - Client Layer: -Micro-browser client using a URL address to connect with a wireless web server. -To support complex wireless internet applications, other mobile APIs are used as frameworks at the client side. -Middle Layer: (Wireless Web Server and Middleware) -It listens to the incoming HTTP requests and sends the appropriate responses back to the client. -To accommodate the large no. of micro-browsers and markup languages used in wireless computing, some wireless middleware are added to work with the wireless web server to help in formatting of wireless content. -Application Layers: -The wireless Web Server will access the enterprise data source using the preferred mechanism. -The data store system supports the access and management of mobile contents in a data store. -Application systems provide various service functions

16. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless Internet System Architectures Advantages of wireless Internet System architectures: - Minimal to zero software deployment. -Minimize client software and configuration. - Easy for use of mobile device users. - Avoiding software updates at the client side. - Familiar user interface due to the use of Internet. - Extends Internet computing model. - Extending and integrating current internet-based application systems by adding wireless connectivity and accesses for customers and users. - Enterprise integration. -To accommodate the large no. of micro-browsers and markup languages used in wireless computing, some wireless middleware are added to work with the wireless web server to help in formatting of wireless content.

17. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless Internet System Architectures Advantages of wireless Internet System architectures: - Broad deployment to multiple mobile devices. - Fresh data. No worry about stale data. - Security. -All of the data is stored on the server behind corporate firewalls. No data is stored on the client. Disadvantages of wireless Internet System architectures: -Wireless connectivity. - You need wireless connectivity for all data in the application servers. - This could be the problematic due to users’ mobility. -Simple user interface. - Limited caching and data and functions at the client side.

18. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless Internet System Architectures Disadvantages of wireless Internet System architectures: (continued) - Application performance: - This application systems over the wireless internet infrastructure may a performance issue due to network throughput and partially to network latency. - Application testing: -Controlling, predicting, and testing the behaviors of the application is difficult on the full range of micro-browsers due to limits of emulators of mobile devices. - Availability: Server single fault problem will halt all users’ accesses. - Security: Total security solution is not available now for wireless internet infrastructure and applications. - Cost:Airtime cost may be issues and connectivity time could be issues when - The circuit-switched networks are used. - Wireless applications needs constantly be connected to mobile users.

19. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Thin-Client Architecture of Wireless Internet Application Systems PDA/Palm OS Web Server DB Sever Wireless Network Wireless Network Web Phone Pocket PC/Window CE Firewall Middleware Mobile Content Database Pocket IE Palm Web Clipping Openwave browser WAP Protocol Wireless Network Mobile pages

20. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems (A) Mobile-Based Content Access Systems What is mobile-based content access systems? -These systems can be viewed as thin client-based wireless internet systems. -They allow mobile device users to access mobile contents through wireless internet infrastructure. -No complicated application functions and services are provided. Special features: - Simple thin client architecture supported with a content server. - client software usually is written using cHTML, WML, HDML, XHTML - Needs a micro browser on a mobile device - Simple functional features to support content access and retrieval. - No performance issues - No complex applications - No strong security requirements

21. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Architecture of Interactive Wireless Internet Application Systems Web Server DB Sever Wireless Network Wireless Network Web Phone Pocket PC Firewall Middleware Application Server Data Store J2ME JAVA

22. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems (B) Mobile-Based Interactive Application Systems What is mobile-based interactive application systems? -These systems can be viewed as client/server-based wireless internet application systems. -They allow mobile device users to access mobile contents through wireless internet infrastructure. - Interactive oriented application functions and services are provided. Special features: - The system supports users to access application systems and services on the service side through interactive access. - client software can be written using script-based wireless programming languages, such as J2ME, WML, cHTML, HDML.. - Need a micro browser on a mobile device - Need a wireless web server to support the communications - Need WAP (or other Internet Protocols) to support the communications - High security requirements

23. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Architecture of Complex Wireless Internet Application Systems Wireless Web Server DB Sever Wireless Network Wireless Network Mobile Phone Pocket PC Firewall Middleware Application Server Data Store Java Applets Integrator Server Mainframe eCRM EPR

24. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Internet Application Systems (C) Mobile-Based Complex Application Systems What is mobile-based complex application systems? -These systems can be viewed as fat client based wireless internet applications. -They allow mobile device users to access complex wireless application systems through wireless internet infrastructure. - At the client side, complex functional features and rich GUI are provided to mobile device users. Special features: - The system supports users to access complex application function servers. - The client software can be written using more powerful wireless programming languages, such as C++ and Java. -Need more powerful mobile platform on the client side, such as Palm OS, Window CE or Sybain OS. - Use diverse internet communication protocols to connect wireless networks. - High security requirements

25. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Internet The WAP-Based System Architecture WAP Gateway Bearer Network WAP Browser Client Web Server WAP Browser Application Server Middleware WAP Protocol WML HTML

26. WAP-Based System Architecture includes the following components: WAP Browser –The WAP browser is similar to Web (HTTP) browsers. It provides a standard user interface to various wireless internet users. –It interacts with mobile users based on WML (the Wireless Markup Language) and WML Script (a scripting language for the WAP browser). –It access WML and WML Script content by specifying a URL. Furthermore, it can access dynamic content via CGI and Java Servlets on the Internet server. WAP gateway: - It is responsible for interfacing the wireless bearer network to the wired Internet. - It enables WAP browsers to access standard HTTP servers. - It moves traffic between the bearer network and the Internet, therefore, providing Internet traffic to the wireless devices. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved WAP-Based System Architecture

27. Bearer Network: –Since wireless devices exist with a variety of IP and non-IP based infrastructures. The primary function of the bearer network from a WAP perspective is to connect individual wireless devices to a WAP gateway. Internet Server: –Internet server provides various kinds of Internet wireless content services and application services to mobile users. –It provides web-based applications and web content to web users. Internet Client: - Internet client software, such as web browser, which interact with web users to support web accesses. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved WAP-Based System Architecture

28. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems The WAP Software Architecture WAE WSP WTP UDP IP Bearer Network WAE WSP WTP WTLS WDP Bearer Network Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Network(HW) IP-Based WAPNon IP-Based WAP

29. The WAP architecture consists of six layers: Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) –It provides essentially the same services as the UDP in an IP network. Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) –It is the layer in the WAP architecture that is responsible for data integrity, privacy, and authentication. –WTLS is similar to the industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) security protocol. –It has been optimized for use on bandwidth-constrained networks Wireless Transport Protocol (WTP) –It is a lightweight transaction-oriented transport protocol. It provides three classes of communications: a) unreliable one-way messaging, b) reliable one- way messaging, and c) reliable two-way transactions. –It has been optimized for use in bandwidth-constrained networks Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved WAP Software Architecture

30. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved WAP Software Architecture Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) –It provides upper layers with two forms of services: Connection-oriented service and datagram service. Wireless Application Environment (WAE) –It is the layer of the WAP architecture that is of greatest interest to the WAP Servlet developer. –At the layer, applications use the WSP to communicate with HTTP servers on the Internet. –All applications pertain to specific types of WAP clients (phones, pages, …)

31. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Smart Client Application System Architecture PDA Synchronization Server Enterprise Data Source Wireless Network Wired Network Smart Phone Pocket PC Java Application Java Application Java Application

32. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Architecture of Smart Client Application Systems Smart Client Application Systems: - Smart client application systems are a powerful alternative to wireless internet applications. - Instead of using a micro-browser on the client, customer software is developed. - Smart client software usually contains a persistent data storage mechanism as well as business logic. - Smart client applications can be executed at any time, even when a wireless connection is unavailable. - Integration to the enterprise is typically provided via a synchronization process whereby the client application communication data to back-end data sources trough a synchronization server. - Wireless or wired communications are necessary for data synchronization with a server.

33. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Architecture of Smart Client Application Systems Smart Client Architecture Components: Smart Client: The smart client application is where client-side business logic is executed. Application is either native executable or java application that is deployed to the mobile device. - To provide offline data access, mobile data store products are incorporated into the applications. - To communicate to the enterprise systems, a synchronization or messaging layer is also part of the smart client application. Synchronization Server: –Data is sent from the client application to the synchronization server. –This happens over a wireless or wired connections to the server. –The server with associated logic to ensure the data synchronization. –Communication layer is provided to support the client-server communications.

34. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Architecture of Smart Client Application Systems Advantages: Always available data and services. Rich user interfaces. Better performance. Distributed computing Good security Low cost for wireless access Disadvantages: Enterprise integration Application deployment – users must deploy whenever new versions are generated. Mobile viruses Development complexity Multiple development cycles –When mobile devices (os, languages) updated or upgrades, software must be updated.

35. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Architecture of Smart Client Application Systems Smart Client Architecture Components: Smart Client: The smart client application is where client-side business logic is executed. Application is either native executable or java application that is deployed to the mobile device. - To provide offline data access, mobile data store products are incorporated into the applications. - To communicate to the enterprise systems, a synchronization or messaging layer is also part of the smart client application. Synchronization Server: –Data is sent from the client application to the synchronization server. –This happens over a wireless or wired connections to the server. –The server with associated logic to ensure the data synchronization. –Communication layer is provided to support the client-server communications.

36. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Internet The Web Clipping Network Architecture Data Center PDA Wireless Data Network

37. What is SMS? It is the proprietary language for Palm PDAs. Users can access specific content on the Internet over BellSouth’s Mobitex network (Palm.net) or use OmniSky’s data network (AT&T). Palm also offers email applications for Palm VII. Two key design principles: Information transfer (user navigation and interaction) is based on simple query and response (rather than hyperlinks). Each client request is in the form of a query back to the server. An application is partitioned so that the query portion resides on the PDA (PQA). Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Web Clipping Network Architecture

38. Key differences between WAP and Palm.net are: A WAP user can browse any web site that handles WAP.Palm.net users. A Palm.net user only can only access those sites that have been stipulated as readable via a Palm Query Application (PQA), which must be downloaded to the Palm device. WAP applications can run over a wide range of networks – CDMA, TDMA, CDPD, GPRS, Mobitex, and so on. However, only numbers applications can be run on the top of Palm OS, including WAP applications or applications for accessing a corporate LAN. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Web Clipping Network Architecture

39. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Internet Cell tower Web Phone Microsoft Exchange Lotus Notes A Typical Web ASP Network Architecture Conduit Server Microsoft Exchange Lotus Notes Conduit Server PDA Firewall Wireless Network

40. Microsoft Exchange: It is one of the predominant corporate electronic mail packages available today. Wireless Knowledge’s Workstyle Server allows corporations to connect multiple Exchange servers with wireless handhelds and phones, so that users can real mail, check their calendars, or look up their phone books using mobile devices. Lotus Notes: Lotus mobile service for Domino software package from Lotus allows mobile users to connect to their Lotus Notes applications like email, calendar, address book, discussion database etc. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved A Typical Web ASP Network Architecture

41. Companies, such as Wireless Knowledge and Saraide are becoming the application service providers (ASP)s of the wireless world. They hook up employees to corporate networks to provide access to email, calendar, contacts, and intranet content. CompanyMobile Offering Wireless KnowledgeConnectivity to Microsoft Exchange Servers SaraideMessaging (synchronize with M.S, outlook, and Lotus Schedule), news, travel, financial services Infinite MobilityHosting solutions Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved A Typical Web ASP Network Architecture

42. The system architectures differ depending on mobile devices: WAP phones and Smart phones Palm PDAs WinCE PDAs (or Pocket PC) Blackberry handhelds Two approaches to place existing content on WML and/or HDML devices: Rewrite all or sections of the Web Site into WML or HDML Use rendering/extraction techniques to transfer existing content and then apply transcoding to produce the content into multiple formats such as WML, HDML, HTML, cHTML, and VXML. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Extending Existing Web-Based Applications to Wireless Devices

43. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Internet AvantGo’s Architecture Data Center BellSouth Data Network AT&T CDPD Enterprise Resources Palm PDA Commercial Content Palm PDA

44. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems A Personalization Framework PDA Mobile Phone Phone Web Server Rules and Logic Engine Content Repository Web Server Logs User Information & Preferences Client Stream Data Device Capability and Profile Security Info and E-commerce History User input user navigation Web Content, Email., fax, Instant Message

45. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems Internet Web Phone Architecture For A Wireless Enterprise Solution PDA Wireless Platforms Wireless MD Application HMO Radiology Labs Hospital Pharmacy Physician Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Web Users

46. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems XML Publishing Server Publishing Framework XML Application Server Appliance Web Phone PDA, Handheld Pager Web PC WML, cHTML, XHTML Basic XML, HTTP, Java SMS, IMAP, POP VoiceXML Voice portal HTML, XHTML XML, HTTP, Java

47. To reach many kinds of wireless devices from your server, you must be able to handle each device efficiently as a presentation device. There are a number of useful approaches: Using a server for each type of devices. –Simple but costly. Using a page translator. - This approach is simple, but the end product has not been received well by mobile users. We need an application built for them with content edited to suit their mobile devices. an XML application server. -This approach provides the maximum coverage and is the easiest setup to maintain in the long run. -XML has great flexibility and deliver portable content from application servers. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless Publishing Framework

48. Jerry Gao Ph.D.8/2002 All Rights Reserved Topic: System Architectures for Wireless & Internet Application Systems The Speech Recognition Process Capture & Digitization Wireless Phone Network Spectral Representation and Segmentation Feature Extraction Recognition Communication Wireless Network Speech recognition is a computer’s ability to receive and understand (process) spoken commands and words. Voice recognition is a computer’s ability to recognize a specific voice or speaker and is used for security and authentication purposes.

49. Speech recognition systems have two functions: - understanding the words being spoken and then converting them into text for further use. - converting text to speech for the purposes of information access There are three basic components of speech recognition: Capture and preprocessing (from analog signal -> digital format) Recognition and feature extraction –analyze the acoustic signals and recognize common sound patterns (phonemes) –Words, phrases, and sentences can be represented digitally (segmented and restructured) Communication with other application software and hardware Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved The Speech Recognition System and Components

50. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Wireless Messaging Value Chain Gateway PDA Gateway Proprietary Interface Proprietary Interface Wireless Network Wireless Network Mobile Message-Oriented Middleware System Aggregator Wireless Carrier Wireless Device

51. Basic of messaging systems: -Asynchronous vs. synchronous messaging -Push vs. Pull Different types of messaging systems: Email: SMTP Server POP3 Server Paging Short Message Service (SMS) Enhanced Message Service (EMS) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Instant Messaging HDML Notification WAP Push Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Messaging Systems

52. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved Application-to-Application Messaging System Architecture Messaging Server Database Wireless Network Wired Network Firewall Client Application Message Queue Client Application Message Queue

53. Application-to-application messaging -In many cases, user interaction is not required for the message to be successful. -Enterprises can communicate data directly from an enterprise server to a client application without user interaction. Major components of application-to-application messaging systems: (A) Messaging client: The client contains i) message queues, ii) client user interface, and iii) messaging communication support for outgoing and incoming message transactions. Simple persistent data store for messages. Typical technology for client will be Java or scripted language. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Messaging Systems

54. Wireless-Based Messaging Application Systems: There are many forms: -Emails, alters, and notifications -Messages that are urgent in nature can be pushed to mobile users on their mobile devices. -These types pf messages are called actionable alters, since the recipient performs an action based on the message content. -Two leading technologies for notifications and alerts are HDML alters and WAP push. -User-to-user messaging systems -Messages can be sent from one user to another using various of mechanisms, including email, paging, and wireless text messaging (for example, Short Message Service (SMS), or Instant Messaging (IM). -Richer messages with graphics and formatted text can be sent using the Enhanced Message Service (EMS). -Multimedia content can be sent using the Multimedia Message Service (MMS). Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Messaging Systems

55. (B) Messaging server: It supports the communications with messaging clients It interact with enterprise data store. Typical technologies: - Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) - Java Message Service (JMS). (C) Enterprise data source: - The messaging system can interact with many different types of back-end systems, including database, business applications, and other messaging systems. - Asynchronous nature of messaging systems is well suited for systems that require complex enterprise integration since the user does not have to wait for a response. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Messaging Systems

56. Advantages: -Push capabilities. -Store-and-forward. -Personalized data delivery. -Wired and wireless communication. Disadvantages: -Add complexity to the wireless client and server. -Testing and performance validation become issue due the lack of testing tools for wireless application systems. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Wireless-Based Messaging Systems

57. Jerry Gao Ph.D.3/2004 All Rights Reserved SMS-Based Messaging System Architecture SMSC Proprietary Interface Wireless Network Wireless Network Enterprise System Wireless Device SMSC Proprietary Interface

58. What is SMS? The SMS was first introduced in Europe in 1991 as a part of GSM Phase 1 standard. Since then, it has had tremendous success, more than 1 billion messages sent around the world daily. (2003) SMS is supported on digital wireless networks such as GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. SMS makes it possible to send and receive short text messages to and from mobile telephones. Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Short Message Service (SMS)

59. What is MMS? Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Users can access specific content on the Internet over BellSouth’s Mobitex network (Palm.net) or use OmniSky’s data network (AT&T). Palm also offers email applications for Palm VII. Two key design principles: Information transfer (user navigation and interaction) is based on simple query and response (rather than hyperlinks). Each client request is in the form of a query back to the server. An application is partitioned so that the query portion resides on the PDA (PQA). Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Multimedia Message Service (MMS)

60. What is Web Clipping? It is the proprietary language for Palm PDAs. Users can access specific content on the Internet over BellSouth’s Mobitex network (Palm.net) or use OmniSky’s data network (AT&T). Palm also offers email applications for Palm VII. Two key design principles: Information transfer (user navigation and interaction) is based on simple query and response (rather than hyperlinks). Each client request is in the form of a query back to the server. An application is partitioned so that the query portion resides on the PDA (PQA). Jerry Gao Ph.D.9/2002All Rights Reserved Short Message Service (SMS)