1. Cs 575 Week 4 Spring 2008 Bapa Rao

2. Outline Organizational Discussion on previous week’s presentations Continuing discussion on Engelbart’s article Student Presentations Discussion Agenda for next week

3. Organizational CS 575 Forum is now set up –Supplement your classroom discussion grade –Sign up for forum, if you aren’t already signed up –Contact me if you need help –Each presenter can take the lead on their topic and encourage others to join in If you join in discussion of others’ topics, they will come to yours –Create a forum topic and link your wiki presentation back to it When uploading presentations, using widely accessible formats (ppt, not pptx for example) Only one signed up presentation today? Please keep the wiki signup page updated Questions? Comments?

4. Engelbart review Capability to obtain better solutions to complex problems Benefit ‘information workers’ New conceptual framework What to augment –Artifacts, language, methodology, training –Whorf’s hypothesis & the weighted pencil expt –Problem-solving process –Structure: bureaucratic to more distributed –Executive capability—choosing from repertoire What is the impact of augmentation?

5. Engelbart: Two-domain system H-LAM/T

6. Last week’s presentations Cloud computing—Tam Nguyen Human interaction in Internet communities—Jerry Chang HCC and HCM—Ashok Sahu Artificial Life—Saeid Mousavi

7. Engelbart (contd) Capability repertoire hierarchy –Basic capabilities (human and artifact) are the raw materials –Mental structuring (cognitive structures) Development Models: garden, basketball team, machine building –Concept structuring –Symbol structuring –Process structuring ‘M’ in H-LAM/T –Physical structuring A in H-LAM/T –Interdependence among all these structures

8. Engelbart (contd) Concept structuring – concepts are tools –concepts have handles--representations –concept structures map to mental structures – some concept structures are better than others – language (natural lang esp) is the grand concept structuring tool

9. Engelbart (contd) Symbol structuring – some symbols work better than others depends on the purpose –need flexibility, translatability –view generation capability (rather than physical linear ordering)

10. Engelbart (contd) Interdependence among hierarchies –Cyclic –Regenerative Improvement in one category feeds improvement in other categories

11. Augmenting the Human Intellect 1962 report/proposal to Air Force Ofc. Of Scientific Research Capability to obtain better solutions to complex problems New conceptual framework –Not small tricks Example scenario: an architect’s workday –Design alternatives –Operational environments –Functional specifications –Detailed design –Tools Synthesis, analysis, verification, debugging

12. Engelbart (contd) Who will benefit –Every person who does his thinking with symbolized concepts Human language, pictographs, formal logic, mathematics, … –Architects, engineers, lawyers, writers, … –‘information workers’

13. Engelbart (contd) Conceptual framework is needed to know –What to augment artifacts language methodology Training –Goal: problem solving process Process is what we actually do, and are trying to do more effectively –Structure or organization across the board Little steps, organized as a process hierarchy –Versus objects? Process repertoire or toolkit Basic capabilities (‘hardware’) to higher-level capabilities –Synergy, emergent capabilities, … Which subprocess to choose? –Executive Capability: planning, selecting, and supervising –Augmentation impact Suppose you had a better writing tool… –Hardware, software, dictionary, spell checker, fact researcher, … –Pencil to word processor »Benefits? »Break down old process, come up with new process »New capabilities!

14. Engelbart: Two-domain system H-LAM/T

15. Engelbart (contd) How did humans get ‘augmented’ during our development? –1. concept manipulation –2. symbol manipulation –3. Manual, External, Symbol Manipulation Whorf’s hypothesis: Language affects our thinking and capabilities –4. Automated external symbol manipulation (neo- whorfian: technology affects language and capabilities) Language can also evolve to meet conceptual and task needs (counterargument to whorfian hypothesis)

16. Engelbart (contd) Brick-pencil experiment

17. Engelbart (contd) Brick-pencil expt (de-augmentation) –Typewriter: 7 sec –Pencil: 20 secs –Brick, small letters: 65+ secs –Brick, large letters: 42 secs Impacts on effectiveness of culture –Too hard  too few people doing it –Different concepts for work, record-keeping, etc. What about known impacts of actual augmentation, 46 years after Engelbart wrote this proposal?

18. Engelbart (contd) Capability repertoire hierarchy –Basic capabilities (human and artifact) are the raw materials –Mental structuring (cognitive structures) Development Models: garden, basketball team, machine building –Concept structuring –Symbol structuring –Process structuring ‘M’ in H-LAM/T –Physical structuring A in H-LAM/T –Interdependence among all these structures

19. Engelbart (contd) Concept structuring – concepts are tools –concepts have handles--representations –concept structures map to mental structures – some concept structures are better than others – language (natural lang esp) is the grand concept structuring tool

20. Engelbart (contd) Symbol structuring – some symbols work better than others depends on the purpose –need flexibility, translatability –view generation capability (rather than physical linear ordering)

21. Engelbart (contd) Interdependence among hierarchies –Cyclic –Regenerative Improvement in one category feeds improvement in other categories

22. Engelbart (contd) Roles and levels –executive –direct-contributive model of executive superstructure –Bureaucratic hierarchy is onerous –contractor-subcontractor model Flexibility in the Executive Role –executive tasks are complex –orderly flexibility requirement on symbol etc. structures is costly –disorderly process of change must be supported ‘agile methodologies’

23. Berners-Lee’s view Social = Human Concept augmentation is an emergent phenomenon

37. Student presentations Uday Dhokale –Logo, Dynabook, Media Lab ???