1. CMS at UCSB Prof. J. Incandela US CMS Tracker Project Leader DOE Visit January 20, 2004

2. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 2 Experimental Focus Some of the questions LHC Experiments could resolve: What is the origin spontaneous symmetry breaking ? What sets the known energy scales ?  QCD ~ 0.2 « VEV EWK ~ 246 « M GUT ~ 10 16 « M PL ~ 10 19 GeV What comes next ? Supersymmetry ? Is this what explains the galactic dark matter ? Extra dimensions ? Something completely unexpected? Big questions nowadays require big machines…

3. CERN Large Hadron Collider

4. 27 km around 1100 dipole magnets 14 m long 8.4 T field dual aperture Proton on proton: 14 TeV 25 ns between beam crossings Peak Luminosity 10 34 cm -2 s -1 20 collisions per beam crossing

5. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 5 Challenge and Reward Higher Energy Broadband production BUT Total cross-section is very high! What’s interesting is rare The ability to find any of these events is a consequence of evolved detector design and technological innovations: Multi-level trigger systems and high speed pipe-lined electronics Precision, high rate, calorimetry Radiation-tolerant Silicon microstrips and Pixel detectors

6. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 6 SM Higgs at the LHC Production and Decay To a large extent, the quest for the Higgs drives the design of the LHC detectors. Nevertheless, essentially all other physics of interest require similar capabilities

7. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 7 Light SM Higgs Lepton id, b tagging and E T are crucial Energy resolution must be exceptional, tracking is crucial Difficult (or impossible)

8. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 8 CMS Experiment at CERN Most Ambitious Elements: Calorimetry & Tracking

9. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 9 CMS Inner Detector Inside of the 4 Tesla field of the largest SC Solenoid ever built Pixels: at least 2 Layers everywhere Inner Si Strips: 4 Layers Outer Si Strips: 6 Layers Forward Silicon strips: 9 large, and 3 small disks per end EM Calorimeter: PbWO 4 crystals w/Si APD’s Had Calorimeter: Cu+Scintillator Tiles Outside: Muon detectors in the return yoke

10. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 10

11. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 11 Tracking “Golden Channel” Efficient & robust Tracking  Fine granularity to resolve nearby tracks  Fast response time to resolve bunch crossings  Radiation resistant devices Reconstruct high P T tracks and jets  ~1-2% P T resolution at ~ 100GeV (  ’s) Tag b jets  Asymptotic impact parameter  d ~ 20  m

12. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 12 CMS Tracker 5.4 m End Caps (TEC 1&2) 2,4 m Inner Barrel & Disks (TIB & TID) Pixels Outer Barrel (TOB) volume 24.4 m 3 running temperature – 10 0 C

13. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 13 Pixels Why Pixels ? IP resolution Granularity Peak occupancy ~ 0.01 % Starting point for tracking Radiation tolerance CMS Pixels 45 million channels 100  m x 150  m pixel size Barrel: 4, 7 and 11 cm 2 (3) disks per end

14. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 14 Silicon Strips 6 layers of 500  m sensors high resistivity, p-on-n 4 layers of 320  m sensors low resistivity, p-on-n Blue = double sided Red = single sided 9+3 disks per end Strip lengths range from 10 cm in the inner layers to 20 cm in the outer layers. Strip pitches range from 80  m in the inner layers to near 200  m in the outer layers

15. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 15 Some Tracker Numbers 6,136 Thin wafers 300 μm 19,632 Thick wafers 500 μm 6,136 Thin detectors (1 sensor) 9,816 Thick detectors (2 sensors) 3112 + 1512 Thin modules (ss +ds) 4776 + 2520 Thick modules (ss +ds) 10,016,768 individual strips and readout electronics channels 78,256 APV chips ~26,000,000 Bonds 470 m 2 of silicon wafers 223 m 2 of silicon sensors (175 m 2 + 48 m 2 ) FE hybrid with FE ASICS Pitch adapter Silicon sensors CF frame

16. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 16 APV25 0.25  m radiation-hard CMOS technology 128 Channel Low Noise Amplifier ~8 MIP dynamic range 50 ns CR-RC shaper 192 cell analog pipeline Differential analog data output

17. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 17 Efficiency, Purity, Resolution

18. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 18 CMS Physics Reach HIGGS The Standard Model Higgs can be discovered over the entire expected mass range up to about 1 TeV with 100 fb -1 of data. Most of the MSSM Higgs boson parameter space can be explored with 100 fb -1 and all of it can be covered with 300 fb -1. SUSY squarks and gluinos up to 2 to 2.5 TeV or more SUSY should be observed regardless of the breaking mechanism

19. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 19 Squarks and Gluinos SUSY could be discovered in one good month of operation … The figure shows the q, g mass reach for various luminosities in the inclusive E T + jets channel. ~ ~

20. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 20 Gluino reconstruction M. Chiorboli ~ p p b b - l  l  l ~ Event final state:  2 high p t isolated leptons OS  2 high p t b jets missing E t ~ bb g pp   0 1 ~ (26 %) (35 %) (0.2 %)    llll - 0 1 ~ ~ (60 %)  ll UCSB could play a significant role here…

21. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 21 CMS Physics Reach Extra dimensions: LED: Sensitive to multi-TeV fundamental mass scale SED: Gravitons up to 1-2 TeV in some models And more. If Electroweak symmetry breaking proceeds via new strong interactions something new has to show up New gauge bosons below a few TeV can be discovered If the true Planck scale is ~ 1 TeV, we may even create black holes and observe them evaporate… This is an outstanding program. It requires unprecedented cost and effort. It is not guaranteed…

22. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 22 Our Responsibility 5.4 m 2.4 m Outer Barrel (TOB) ~105 m 2 NEW:End Caps (TEC) 50% Modules for Rings 5 and 6 and hybrid processing for Rings 2,5,6

23. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 23 Module Components Kapton-bias circuit Carbon Fiber Frame Silicon Sensors Front-End Hybrid Pitch Adapter Kapton cable Pins

24. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 24 Rods & Wheels 0.9 m 1.2 m

25. ROD INTEGRATION AachenKarlsruheStrasbourgZurichWien PETALS INTEGRATION Aachen Brussels Karlsruhe Louvain LyonStrasbourg Brussels Wien Lyon TECassembly TECassembly CERN Frames: Brussels Sensors: factories Hybrids: Strasbourg Pitch adapter: Brussels Hybrid: CF carrier TK ASSEMBLY At CERN Louvain Strasbourg Pisa PerugiaWien BariPerugia BariFirenzeTorinoPisaPadova TIB-TID INTEGRATION FNAL UCSB TOBassembly TIB-IDassembly At CERN PisaAachenKarlsruhe.--> Lyon Karlsruhe Pisa Sensor QAC Module assembly Bonding & testing Sub-assemblies FNAL US and UCSB in the CMS tracker Integration into mechanics KSU UCSB carries majority of US production load FNAL UCSB

26. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 26 Active Group Fermilab (FNAL) L. Spiegel, S. Tkaczyk + technicians Kansas State University (KSU) T.Bolton, W.Kahl, R.Sidwell, N.Stanton University of California, Riverside (UCR) Gail Hanson, Gabriella Pasztor, Patrick Gartung University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) A. Affolder, A. Allen, D. Barge, S. Burke, D. Calahan, C.Campagnari, D. Hale, (C. Hill), J.Incandela, S. Kyre, J. Lamb, C. McGuinness, D. Staszak, L. Simms, J. Stoner, S. Stromberg, (D. Stuart), R. Taylor, D. White University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) E. Chabalina, C. Gerber, T. T University of Kansas (KU) P. Baringer, A. Bean, L. Christofek, X. Zhao University of Rochester (UR) R.Demina, R. Eusebi, E. Halkiadakis, A. Hocker, S.Korjenevski, P. Tipton Mexico:3 institutes led by Cinvestav Cuidad de Mexico 2 more groups are in the process of joining us

27. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 27 Outer Barrel Production Outer Barrel Modules 4128 Axial (Installed) 1080 Stereo (Installed) Rods 508 Single-sided 180 Double-sided US Tasks  UCSB leadership All hybrid bonding & test All Module assembly & test All Rod assembly & test Joint Responsibilities with CERN Installation & Commissioning Maintenance and Operation ~20 cm Modules Built & Tested at UCSB (more in talk by Dean White)

28. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 28 End Cap Construction Some Central European groups failed to produce TEC modules. TEC schedule was threatened. Central European Consortium requested US help We agreed to produce up to 2000 R5 and R6 modules After 10 weeks UCSB successfully built the R6 module seen above. We’re nearly ready to go on R5 Module Built & Tested at UCSB (more in talk by Dean White)

29. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 29 UCSB Production Leadership Gantry (robotic) module assembly Redesigned More robust, flexible, easily maintained Surveying and QA Automated use of independent system (OGP) More efficient, accurate, fail-safe Module Wirebonding Developed fully automated wirebonding Faster and more reliable bonding Negligible damage or rework Taken together: Major increase in US capabilities Higher quality

30. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 30 Testing & QA UCSB the leader (cf. talk by A.Affolder) Testing macros and Test stand configurations now used everywhere Critical contributions Discovered and played lead role in solution of potentially fatal problems! Defective hybrid cables Vibration damage to module wirebonds (cf. Talk Andrea Allen) Discovered a serious Common Mode Noise problem and traced it to ST sensors Other Important contributions; First to note faulty pipeline cells in APVs Led to improved screening Taken together Averted disaster (financial, and schedule) Higher quality 4-Hybrid test stand and thermal cycler (subject of talk by Lance Simms) Improved testing (see talk by Tony Affolder)

31. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 31 Rods UCSB Efforts Building single rod test stands for both UCSB and FNAL Designed and built module installation tools (for CERN, FNAL and UCSB) Will lead in the definition of tests and test methods Production Will build and test half of the 688 rods (+10% spares) in the TOB

32. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 32 Summary CMS is designed to maximize LHC physics The tracker is one of the main strengths of CMS UCSB is making critical contributions Have proven to be essential to the success of the project Subsequent talks Details of the important aspects of the project and the important achievements of the UCSB CMS group in the past year as presented by the people responsible for them.

33. UCSB CMS Group January 20, 2003, J. Incandela 33 Schedule of CMS Presentations Overview (25’) - Joe Incandela Module Fabrication (20’) - Dean White Electronic Testing (20’)– Tony Affolder Rod Assembly and Testing (10’)– Jim Lamb Wirebonding (10’)– Susanne Kyre Database (10’)– Derek Barge Hybrid Thermal and Electronic Testing (10’) – Lance Simms OGP Surveying and Module Reinforcing (10’)– Andrea Allen Schedule and Plans (10’) – Joe Incandela