1. Comparative Digestion Systems & Processes Modified by Ashlee Gibson

2. The Digestion Process Food is broken down Animals have digestive systems adapted to the foods that they consume Four types of digestive systems –_____________________________________ –______________________________________

3. Ruminant Digestive System Modified to handle the breakdown of large amounts of _________________

4. Ruminant Digestive System Mouth –no upper ___________________, hard palate –molars for grinding coarse vegetation –saliva does not contain ___________________ _______________________________ –muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

5. Ruminant Digestive Systems The Four Compartmented Stomach Rumen: storage area and _______________________________ Reticulum: nails and wire may be found here-_____________________ stomach Omasum: eliminates excess ___________from feed Abomasum: true stomach, _____________ and __________________ are secreted

6. Ruminant Digestive Systems Stomach (cont.) _______________: first step in rumination –large quantities of roughage are consumed and are chewed just enough to swallow –after swallowing, regurgitation (“cud chewing”) takes place, food is re-chewed

7. Ruminant Digestive System Small Intestine –connects stomach to large intestine –______________________________________ –contains bile and pancreatic juices –pushes food through by muscle contractions

8. Ruminant Digestive System Large Intestine –Contains Cecum, Colon and Rectum ____________________: sac at junction of small intestine and large intestine Colon and rectum: at end of system –not as long as small intestine, but larger in diameter –water and some nutrient absorption occurs here –where residue solidifies before excretion

9. Monogastric Digestive System Characterized by inability to digest roughage efficiently

10. Monogastric Digestive System Mouth –has upper and lower incisors –________________________ secreted which breaks down nutrients Esophagus –connects mouth to stomach

11. Monogastric Digestive System Stomach –secretes _________________________ to break down nutrients –enzymes such as ______________ also secreted here –churning action mixes food Small and Large Intestine function just as in ruminant systems

13. Avian Digestive Systems Characterized by several organs not found in other species that are adapted for grinding hard or encased food

14. Avian Digestive Systems Mouth –____________________________________ –Salivation excretion ____________________ Esophagus –has a modification called the _____________ which stores and moistens food –connects mouth and stomach

15. Avian Digestive Systems Stomach –Contains two parts _______________________________: same as monogastric stomach and provides digestive excretions _______________________________: located after proventriculus, very muscular, used to grind food

16. Avian Digestive Systems Small Intestine –similar functions as in ruminants and monogastric systems Large Intestine –similar functions as in ruminants and monogastric systems –_____________________ chamber into which urinary and genital canals open –___________________ aids in fiber digestion and absorption

18. Equine Digestive Systems Characterized by non-ruminant animals that consume and digest feeds high in fiber

19. Equine Digestive Systems Mouth –intact top and bottom incisors –molars adapted to chewing fibrous feeds –no digestive enzymes in saliva Esophagus –not well adapted for _____________________ –connects mouth and stomach

20. Equine Digestive System Stomach –similar to monogastric system Small intestine –similar to monogastric and ruminant systems –____________________ to store bile –enlarged _______________ to aid in fiber breakdown

21. Equine Digestive System Large Intestine –similar to monogastric systems –_________________________ (at junction of small and large intestines) and colon take up most of the volume of the equine digestive system