1. 12006/9/26 Emerging Grid Standards Mark Baker, Amy Apon, Clayton Ferner, Jeff Brown. IEEE Computer Society,Vol. 38, Issue 4, pp. 43 - 50, Year of Publication: April 2005 Presented by 張肇烜

2. Outline Introduction Introduction Grid-related standards bodies Grid-related standards bodies Open Grid Services Architecture Open Grid Services Architecture Open Grid Services Infrastructure Open Grid Services Infrastructure Web Services Resource Framework Web Services Resource Framework Stateful resources Stateful resources Event notification Event notification

3. Outline (cont.) Grid Security Infrastructure Grid Security Infrastructure Community Authorization Service Community Authorization Service Conclusions Conclusions

4. Introduction Importance of Grid. Importance of Grid. Hinder the factor of Gird development. Hinder the factor of Gird development.

5. Grid-related standards bodies Global Grid Forum Global Grid Forum OASIS OASIS World Wide Web Consortium World Wide Web Consortium Distributed Management Task Force Distributed Management Task Force Web Services Interoperability Organization Web Services Interoperability Organization Internet2 Internet2 Liberty Alliance Liberty Alliance

6. Grid-related standards bodies (cont.) Global Grid Forum (seven areas): Global Grid Forum (seven areas): – Application program and programming model environment. – Architecture. – Data. – Security. – Information system and performance. – Peer to peer. – Resource management.

7. Grid-related standards bodies (cont.) Global Grid Forum (four types): Global Grid Forum (four types): – Informational. – Experimental. – Community practice. – Recommendations.

8. Grid-related standards bodies (cont.) OASIS: OASIS: –A not-for-profit international organization that promotes industry standards for e-business. W3C: W3C: –W3C is an international organization to promote common and interoperable protocols.

9. Grid-related standards bodies (cont.) DMTF : DMTF : –The DMTF is an industry to develop management standards and integration technologies for enterprise and Internet environments. WS-I: WS-I: –WS-I is an open industry body to promote the adoption of Web services and interoperability among different Web services implementations.

10. Grid-related standards bodies (cont.) Internet2: Internet2: –Internet2 is a consortium of groups from academia, industry, and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies. Liberty Alliance: Liberty Alliance: –The Liberty Alliance is an international alliance of companies, nonprofit groups, and government organization.

11. Open Grid Services Architecture The most important Grid standard to emerge recently is Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). The most important Grid standard to emerge recently is Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). OGSA represents an evolution towards a Grid system architecture based on Web services concepts and technologies. OGSA represents an evolution towards a Grid system architecture based on Web services concepts and technologies.

12. Open Grid Services Infrastructure Enhanced Web services that provided a standard set of mechanisms to manage state. Enhanced Web services that provided a standard set of mechanisms to manage state.

13. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (cont.) Critics identified several problems with OGSI: Critics identified several problems with OGSI: –It was too large for one specification. –OGSI was not a pure subset of Web services.

14. Web Services Resource Framework Widespread dissatisfaction with OGSI led to a collaborative effort among architects from the Grid and Web services communities to define an alternative infrastructure based on unadulterated Web services specifications. Widespread dissatisfaction with OGSI led to a collaborative effort among architects from the Grid and Web services communities to define an alternative infrastructure based on unadulterated Web services specifications.

15. Web Services Resource Framework (cont.) Two new OASIS technical committees: Two new OASIS technical committees: –WS-Resource Framework (WSRF) TC. –WS-Notification (WSN) TC.

16. Web Services Resource Framework (cont.) The WSRF TC was formed to standardize four specifications: The WSRF TC was formed to standardize four specifications: –WS-ResourceLifetime. –WS-ResourceProperties. –WS-ServiceGroup. –WS-BaseFaults.

17. Web Services Resource Framework (cont.) The WSN TC : The WSN TC : –WS-BaseNotification. –Ws-BrokeredNotification. –WS-Topics.

18. Stateful resources The OASIS WSRF TC aims to define a generic and open framework. The OASIS WSRF TC aims to define a generic and open framework. WSRF defines the means by which: WSRF defines the means by which: – A Web service can be associated with more stateful resources. – A service requestor can access stateful resources indirectly through Web services. – The stateful resources can be destroyed, immediately or via time-based destruction.

19. Stateful resources (cont.) – A stateful resource’s type definition can be associated with a Web service’s interface description. – A stateful resource’s actual state can be queried and modified via message exchanges. – Web service that encapsulate stateful resources can be renewed when they become invalid. – The stateful resources can be aggregated for domain-specific purposes.

20. Event notification There is a move to merge these competing specifications. There is a move to merge these competing specifications. Two specifications describe event notification with respect to resource: Two specifications describe event notification with respect to resource: –WS-Eventing. –WS-Notification.

21. Event notification (cont.) WS-Eventing WS-Eventing –This specification allows Web services to be notified of events that occur with other services.

22. Event notification (cont.) WS-Notification WS-Notification –This family of specifications describes the mechanism by which Web services can receive notification of an event related to resource.

23. Other Standards and trends WS-I Basic Profile. WS-I Basic Profile. Web Services Grid Application Framewrok Web Services Grid Application Framewrok WS-I+ WS-I+

24. Grid Security Infrastructure It implemented by the Globus toolkit. It implemented by the Globus toolkit. In GSI, the owner typically grants use of a resource to individual. In GSI, the owner typically grants use of a resource to individual.

25. Community Authorization Service It provides an individual community identifier that authorizes a user for a resource. It provides an individual community identifier that authorizes a user for a resource. It can be used to verify identity and trustworthiness. It can be used to verify identity and trustworthiness.

26. Conclusions OGSA and WSRF represent significant cooperation among researchers in academia, government,and industry. OGSA and WSRF represent significant cooperation among researchers in academia, government,and industry.