1. Lab 3 CP & IPV1 LAB 4. NEGLECT AS A CHILD AND DATING PARTNER VIOLENCE “Macro” level research. Also called “societal level” research if the units are societies. Previous lab used a single question to measure corporal punishment. This lab uses a scale created from 8 questions Illustrates why it is crucial to measure neglect by behavior of parents, not by injury to the child The Research Questions 1. How prevalent is neglect? 2. How much does it vary from nation to nation? 3. In nations where neglect is more common, do a larger percent of students assault a dating partner? Write your hypothesis about question 3 on the Lab Report Form

2. Lab 3 CP & IPV2 MEASUREMENT USING A SCALE COMPARED TO A SINGLE QUESTION Previous lab used a single question to measure corporal punishment. This lab uses a scale created from 8 questions ADVANTAGES OF A SCALE Gets at the multiple aspects of a phenomenon More accurate measurement because it does not depend on just one observation. One observation may be wrong, but not all 8.

3. Lab 3 CP & IPV3 MULTIDIMENSIONAL NEGLECT SCALE SHORT FORM (Form MNS-AS) Cognitive needs My parents helped me with homework if I needed help (R) My parents did not help me to do my best in school Educational Needs My parents made sure I went to school (R) My parents did not care if I got into trouble in school Emotional needs My parents helped me when I had problems (R) My parents did not comfort me when I was upset Physical needs My parents gave me enough clothes to keep me warm (R) My parents did not keep me clean (R) = REVERSED ITEMS

4. Lab 3 CP & IPV4 MEASURING NEGLECT ENTIRELY ON THE BASIS OF BEHAVIOR OF THE CARE-GIVER Illustrates one of the reasons why it is crucial to measure neglect by behavior of parents, not by injury to the child. The injuries from neglect are usually psychological, and difficult or impossible to see: Slowdown in cognitive development Lowered ability to form attachments to other Depression as child or adult Some severe enough to be visible, but most not If seen, observer cannot attribute it to the neglect. It could be due to any one or more of many other causes. Only research can establish if there is a link to neglect, and then only on a statisical average basis – as a "risk factor." Example in this lab: Violence against a dating partner

5. Lab 3 CP & IPV5 SAMPLE AND MEASURES SAMPLE: 26 Universities in 14 countries INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Enter what the variable is on the lab report. DEPENDENT VARIABLE Enter this on the lab report.

6. Lab 3 CP & IPV6 LOCATING THE VARIABLES ON THE CODE AND THE DATA SHEET For the lab after this one, I will ask you to do this. Neglect History Two versions of the scale NHT1_1 = one or more of the eight acts of neglect NHT1_2 = three or more of the eight acts of neglect Which is better for this reserarch? Assauling A Dating Partner We will use the Severe assault measure Focuses the research on a serious crime and one that of injurs students. Not just "lovers quarells" See next slide.

7. Lab 3 CP & IPV7 CTS Physical Assault Scale Minor Physical Assault:  Threw something at partner that could hurt  Twisted my partner’s arm or hair  Pushed or shoved my partner  Grabbed my partner  Slapped my partner Severe Physical Assault:  Used knife or gun on partner on my partner  Punched or hit my partner with something that could hurt  Choked my partner  Slammed my partner against a wall  Beat up my partner  Burned or scalded my partner  Kicked my partner coefficient of reliability =.86.

8. Lab 3 CP & IPV8 SCATTER PLOT TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS The X axis (horizontal axis) variable is the percent in each site who experienced 3 or more acts of neglect NHT1_2 in 3 rd row from bottom, left side The Y axis (vertical axis) variable is the percent in each site who severely assaulted a dating partner. CTASSP_1 in first row, right side Variable - row 1 of the data sheet, next to last box Each of you will have a data sheet for one or two of the sites. We will go around the class and each of you will read out the value for the X variable and then for the Y variable from your data sheet As each pair of scores is read out, everyone will put a large dot in the cell of the table that corresponds to that combination of scores.

9. Lab 3 CP & IPV9

10. 10 FITTING A TREND LINE TO SHOW THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PREVALENCE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN A COUNTRY AND THE PREVALENCE OF ASSAULTING A DATING PARTNER Inspect each column of the graph and circle the dot that represents the average of the dots in that column. This will usually be the middle dot Use a streight edge and draw a line to connect each circled dot to the next one to the right. When this line is fitted mathematically it is called a “regression line” The computer will also give you a correlation or regression coefficient that indicates how good the fit is between the dots and the line. Regression line when r = 1.00, r =.00, and r =.50 (next slide)

11. Lab 3 CP & IPV11 r =.51, p <.01

12. Lab 3 CP & IPV12 Table 5a: Neglect Total Scores in Rank Order by Site, by Gender

13. Lab 3 CP & IPV13 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SECTION OF THE LAB REPORT RESULTS SECTION How much neglect was there? How much did it vary from university to university? How much severe violence to partners was there? How much did it vary from university to university? What is the relation of having been neglected to severly attacking a dating partner? State this using the following format: The more …X…., the more …Y…. (or can be "the less Y) Where X = the independent variable, Y = the dependent variable How close a relationship is there? Anything else you noticed about the results? DISCUSSION SECTION (answer either or both) What processes could produces this relationship? What do the results suggest concerning social policy?

14. Lab 3 CP & IPV14 WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM THIS LAB? RESULTS THE PREVALENCE OF NEGLECT WORLD-WIDE THE PREVALENCE OF SEVERE VIOLENCE AGAINST DATING PARTNERS BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WORLD-WIDE WHETHER NEGLECT IS RELATED TO HOW VIOLENT A COUNTRY IS (MORE ACCURATELY, "STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES") METHODS HOW A SCATTER PLOT CAN BE USED TO TEST A HYPOTHESIS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FOLLOWING RESEARCH TOOLS: Regression line Correlation or regression coefficient Test of significance AN EXPERIENCE WITH EVALUATING DATA AND INTERPRETING RESULTS