1. Potential Solutions: Introduction to UAEM UBC UAEM Introductory Seminar UBC Medical Student Alumni Centre September 27, 2008 Cecily Morgan-Jonker

2. Universities are major contributors to “health-related innovations” Includes but not limited to: drugs vaccines diagnostics monitoring tools know-how and technical expertise

3. What do universities currently do with their research? Potential for commercialization? Decision to patent Followed by licensing to industry Universities receive royalties and/or other payments in exchange for the license.

4. Universities’ patent rights in key HIV/AIDS drugs on the market · Emtricitabine - Emory Emtriva ®, component of Truvada ® & Atripla ® · 3TC - Emory Epivir®, component of Combivir ®, Epzicom ® & Trizivir ® · Staduvine - Yale Zerit ® · Abacavir - Minnesota Ziagen ® component of Trizivir ® & Epzicom ® · T-20 - Duke Fuzeon ®

5. Increase in Canadian Patenting and Commercialization: Momentum Report. 2005, AUCC.

6. UBC Mission Statement “The University of British Columbia…will prepare students to become exceptional global citizens, promote the values of a civil and sustainable society, and conduct outstanding research to serve the people of British Columbia, Canada, and the world”. http://www.ubc.ca/about/mission.html Most other universities have very similar globally minded mission statements that support action to serve the people of the world.

7. How can universities ensure that their innovations reach low and middle income populations?

8. The case that started it all…

9. In the mid-60s… Michigan Cancer Centre d-4-t

10. In the mid-80s… d-4-t Yale Brostol-Myers Squibb

11. In the mid 90s…. FDA Stavudine +

12. In 2001….

13. Your handy dandy PCS…

14. Philadelphia Consensus Statement Stephen Lewis, UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa Paul Farmer, famous for his ground-breaking work in Haiti Jeffrey Sachs, Earth Institute at Columbia University and Director, UN Millennium Project, “ The End of Poverty ” Edwin Cameron, South African Supreme Court Justice James Orbinski, Former President MSF Nobel Laureates (Dr. John Polanyi, Sir John Sulston, and Dr. Harold Varmus) Elizabeth May (Leader of the Green Party of Canada)

15. Philadelphia Consensus Statement Dr. Julio Montaner, Acting Director and Director of Clinical Activities of the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and Co-Director of the Canadian HIV Trials Network, recent President-elect of the International AIDS Society Dr. Bob Hogg, Director, HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program at the Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Dr. Bob Hancock, UBC infectious disease researcher, “ Gates Grand Challenges in Global Health ” funding Dr. Tom Perry, internist and clinical pharmacologist, MLA of British Columbia from 1989/96, Minister of Advanced Education, Training and Technology from 1991/93 Dr. David Ng, Advanced Molecular Biology Laboratory (AMBL),Michael Smith Laboratories, Director of Terry Project- UBC

16. What can universities do to promote access to essential medicines? Promote equal access to university research Require licensing terms in technology transfer agreements that ensure low-cost access to health-related innovations. Global Access Licensing UAEM Policy Statement

17. Gener-X Patent Global Access Licensing

18. Common Concerns about Global Access Licensing Hurts pharmaceutical companies: Black market Lost profit Industry won ’ t work with Universities, which hurts research

19. What can universities do to promote access to essential medicines? Promote research & development for neglected diseases Promote in-house ND research Engage with nontraditional partner to create new opportunities for ND drug development; Carve out an ND research exemption for any patents held or licenses executed. UAEM Policy Statement

20. What can universities do to promote access to essential medicines? Measure research and technology transfer success according to impact on human welfare. UAEM Policy Statement

21. How have universities tried to address the access and research gaps? Yale, d4t, and access-minded licensing Emory and Gilead Access Program for the HIV drug emtricitabine Berkeley ‘Socially Responsible Licensing Initiative’ and Center for Neglected Diseases

22. Universities have an opportunity and a responsibility to take part in these solutions Universities are dedicated to the creation and dissemination of knowledge in the public interest. Universities best realize their objectives when they promote innovation and access to essential medicines.