2. Cyanobacteria(only chl a) Eg. Oscillatoria, Synecococcus Phycobilins (green color), in phycobilisomes, chlorophyll a phycoerythrin-red, phycocyanin-blue reaction center - thyllakoids (lamellar membranes) carboxysomes- Rubisco- CO 2 fixation heterocysts Significance - primary production, nuisance blooms Prochlorophytes (chl a and b) NO phycobilins

3. Bacteria Cyanobacteria- oxygenic phototrophs

4. GRAM positive Bacteria Non-sporulating low GC, eg. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, "Epulopiscium" Endospore forming low GC, eg. Bacillus, Clostridium acetobutylicum Cell wall-less low GC (Mycoplasma), compare Thermoplasma High GC (Coryneform and Propionic), swiss cheese High GC (Mycobacterium), Unique lipids= mycolic acids, TB, leprosy Filamentous, High GC, -Actinomycetes; Streptomyces and antibiotics

6. Chlamydia intracellular parasites of humans (get ATP from host) like Planctomycetes, they lack peptidoglycan in cell walls psittacosis

7. Planctomycetes Nature Volume 400 Number 6743 p 446-449, Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly, dividing only once every two weeks. The identification of this bacterium as the one responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability. budding, most are heterotrophs odd cell divsion, stalked Isosphaera pallidum, hot spring isolate

10. Bacteroides and flavobacteria rumen, gram - anaerobe, grow heterotrophically, best with bile acids

11. Green sulfur bacteria eg. Chlorobium often appear brown because of carotenoids anoxygenic photosynthesis, efficient energetically, NADPH reduced directly sulfur on the outside more tolerant of high H 2 S very small cells Has chlorosome

14. Spirochetes Slender motile cells move like corkscrew axial element, flagella in periplasmic space, 2 sets of 'fibrils' freeliving and interesting symbiosis (eg termite guts) J. R. Leadbetter, T. M. Schmidt, J. R. Graber, and J. A. Breznak. 1999. Acetogenesis from H 2 Plus CO 2 by Spirochetes from Termite Guts. Science 283: 686-689. Borellia (lymes disease). Genome. Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete. Science 1998 July 17; 281:375-388.

16. Deinococcus/Thermus THERMUS Taq polymerase, heterotrophs, aerobes often pigmented

17. DEINOCOCCUS radiation resistant and desiccation resistance > 100rad radiation + 30 000Gy (humans killed by < 5Gy) very effective DNA repair mechanism

19. Green non-sulfur Bacteria Chloroflexus Photoheterotroph, anaerobe photoautotroph, anaerobe (sulfide and H2 are e-donors) Reaction center similar to purple S chemoheterotroph and aerobe in the dark! Used an unusual pathway to fix CO2 (hydroxyproprionate pathway) also has chlorosome

20. Ward et al., MMBR, 62:1353

21. Other thermophiles Thermotoga toga, heterotrophic thermophile Thermodesulfurobacterium –ether-linked lipids like Archaea (Ammonifex, Gram + has this too) Desulfurobacterium –S-reducing chemolithotroph recently descibed lineage from deep-sea vents

22. Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter et al. most are chemolithotrophs, "knall gas" reaction thermophiles small genome