1. Rise & Fall of ICT companies Tom & Tom 1-7-2004

2. Content Overview history and milestones major companies Overview history and milestones major companies Conflicts and Cooperation Conflicts and Cooperation Xerox, IBM, HP, Digital, Microsoft, Apple and SUN Xerox, IBM, HP, Digital, Microsoft, Apple and SUN

3. Xerox Corporation 1906 The Haloid Company founded 1906 The Haloid Company founded –Photo paper, Xerographic Copiers 1961 Name changed to Xerox Corp. 1961 Name changed to Xerox Corp. –Office equipment 1970 Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC) started 1970 Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC) started

4. Xerox (PARC) 3 main Research areas 3 main Research areas –Object Oriented Programming (SMALLTALK) –Networking (ETHERNET) –Graphical User Interfaces (GUI, Mouse, Bitmapped display, WYSIWYG editor)

5. International Business Machines Corporation 1924 founded, emerged from C-T-R (1888) 1924 founded, emerged from C-T-R (1888) Computing and Tabulating -> Mainframes -> PC -> business solutions Computing and Tabulating -> Mainframes -> PC -> business solutions 1965 – 1975 Dominant market position. 1965 – 1975 Dominant market position. Culture: Dress code, Songs Culture: Dress code, Songs

6. Hewlet Packard 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP 1939 Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP Lab equipment Lab equipment Calculators, Printers Calculators, Printers Social and open Company Social and open Company Compaq (Digital) incorporated Compaq (Digital) incorporated

7. Digital Equipment Corporation 1957 Ken Olsen & Harlan Anderson 1957 Ken Olsen & Harlan Anderson Small digital lab modules Small digital lab modules PDP series PDP series “There is is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home.“ Ken Olsen 1977 “There is is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home.“ Ken Olsen 1977

8. Microsoft Corporation 1975 Bill Gates, Paul Allen (Traf-O- Data) 1975 Bill Gates, Paul Allen (Traf-O- Data) BASIC for ALTAIR 8800 BASIC for ALTAIR 8800 1981 DOS for IBM Pc’s 1981 DOS for IBM Pc’s 1985 Windows 1985 Windows Conflict IBM about OS/2 Conflict IBM about OS/2

10. Apple Computer Company 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak 1977 Apple II 1977 Apple II –Technical –Design –Price / quality 1984 Introduction Macintosh 1984 Introduction Macintosh Bad economical times, conflicts Bad economical times, conflicts Nowadays Graphical market, cooperation MS Nowadays Graphical market, cooperation MS

11. SUN microsystems 1982 Stanford University Network 1982 Stanford University Network Networks / distributed computing Networks / distributed computing 1989 SPARCStation1 workstation 1989 SPARCStation1 workstation 1995 Java Platform 1995 Java Platform Conflicts with MS Conflicts with MS

12. Conclusion Objective Information difficult to find Objective Information difficult to find Success depends on luck, strategic vision, power struggles Success depends on luck, strategic vision, power struggles Basic knowledge for every informatician Basic knowledge for every informatician

13. Questions ?