1. Performance-based demands ID seminar 24-26 October Steffen Petersen PhD-student BYG.DTU and Birch & Krogboe

2. Agenda Energy performance of buildings Background for requirements and methods The concept of an energy frame Requirements for indoor environment Thermal indoor environment Air quality Light Evaluation and classification Conclusions

3. Requirements EU – Directive 2002/92 on the energy performance of buildings New and existing buildings National settings of requirements Annex 12 to the Danish Building Code (and BR07 that is expected in 2007) Mandatory since april 2006 Energy frame reduced by 25% in 2010 and 25% in 2015

4. Methods based on CEN- Standards EU Mandate to CEN: Produce standards CEN TC 89 N931’Umbrella document’: General overview 31 preliminary standards for EPBD

5. The energy frame The energy frame includes: Room heating - transmission and ventilation loss Hot water consumption Transmission (and hot water) Ventilation Heating Has always been a part of the energy consumption Solar heating produced on the building is subtracted

6. The energy frame Elec. for lighting Elec. for installations: ventilation, pumps, cooling, automation Transmission (and hot water) Ventilation Heating Lighting Elec. for installations electicity x 2.5 Lighting is for offices only Has not been included before Energy produces by PVs are substracted Elec. for PCs and other equipment: is not included but is considered as a heat gain to the building The energy frame includes:

7. Energy performance requirements and LE-classifications in Denmark Heat loss, ventilation, (maybe) cooling, hot water and lighting: Energy frame: 95 + 2200/A kWh/m 2 per year Class 1: 50 + 1100/A kWh/m 2 per year (2015) Class 2: 70 + 1600/A kWh/m 2 per year (2010)

8. Minimum demands Minimum U-values and linear losses for construction parts – to avoid moisture-related problems Air tightness of the building (maximum infiltration of 0.13 l/s per m2) Ventilation system Electricity consumption Efficiency Efficiency of boilers

9. Indoor environment - prEN 15251 Indoor environment criteria for design of building and HVAC systems (within EPBD framework) Design values for sizing of building services Input for calculation of energy demand Methods for evaluation and certification of indoor environment

10. Indoor environment - categories

11. Indoor environment - thermal

13. Indoor environment – air quality

14. Indoor environment – lighting Required task illuminance is defined and detailed in EN 12464- 1, e.g. 500 lux at the work area of a single or open plan office. According to the Danish Working Environment Authority it is recommended to have a Daylight Factor (DF) of at least 2 % on work spaces. No national standard - yet. The following levels are given as guidelines

15. Indoor environment – evaluation and classification

16. Conclusion Performance-based demands vs. design of buildings Designers have more freedom to create individual solutions – within certain boundaries. It is important to define the inteded performance of the building to be designed The performance demands can not be met through technical solutions alone - architectural decisions are crucial to the energy and indoor environment performance.