1. Secondary Productivity and the Fate of Organic Matter - Secondary Productivity refers to production by heterotrophic organisms - This production comes about by consumption of organic material produced by either 1 o producers or other 2 o producers. produced by either 1 o producers or other 2 o producers.

2. North Sea Food Web

3. Development of White Bass

4. Food Chain Concept

5. Phytoplankton

6. Zooplankton

7. Size Considerations

8. Example of Food Chain Calculations

9. Global Comparisons of Marine Food Chains

10. Ryther’s Estimates of World Fish Production

11. Global Commercial Fish Harvest

12. Southern Ocean Food Web

13. Krill as a keystone prey species

14. Antarctic Commercial Fishing

15. Krill Distributions are Patchy

16. Antarctic Peninsula: Krill Fishery Grounds; Seal and Seabird Colonies

17. Chinstrap Penguins

18. Krill Patchiness in 3-Dimensions

19. Major Conclusions - Penguins correlated with presence of krill, but not necessarily - Penguins correlated with presence of krill, but not necessarily found in areas of highest krill abundance. found in areas of highest krill abundance. - Contrary to expectations, penguin surface distribution - Contrary to expectations, penguin surface distribution correlated better with krill distribution between 30 – 50m correlated better with krill distribution between 30 – 50m than with krill distribution between surface – 30m. than with krill distribution between surface – 30m.