1. Module Five PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Human Personality & Various Personality Disorders

2. Step 1: Slide projection
Slide 5.1.1: The definition of personality
The term of personality refers to the standard characteristics of the person that are manifested by the way the person behaves in a range of different situations.

3. Step 2: Theory presentation
Describing a Personality Disorder is a difficult task and leads to one of the most contradictory fields of psychiatry.
It is (generally) accepted that the disorder exists when the person himself or other people around him suffer from his personality.
Personality Disorders are very common and appear at 10-20% of the population. Some are more frequent to men (Antisocial) and other to women (Borderline, Dependent).
The severity of pathologic characteristics is milder as the person grows older.
The therapeutical interventions are mostly psychological.

4. Step 3: slide projection
Slide 5.2.1: definition of Personality Disorder according to DSM IV
Personality disorder is a insistent and lasting type of intrinsic emotion and behaviour which deviates from the expectations of the person’s culture, is widely spread and unbending, begins in adolescence or during young adulthood, is (forever) stable and leads to subjective disturbance or functional decline.

5. Step 4: Slide Projection
Slide 5.2.2: General characteristics of Personality Disorders
Rigid and difficulty adaptation reaction to stress
Marked unstable interpersonal relationships, in work and entertainment
Attributing responsibility of their problems to others
Lack of self awareness
Appearance of complications

6. Step 5: Slide projection
Slide 5.2.3: categories of patients with Personality Disorders.
Α. Patients that usually appear odd or eccentric
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Β. Patients that often appear theatrical with intense emotions or unstable at their interpersonal relationships.
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Γ. Patients usually stressed or frightened
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive/ Compulsive

7. Step 6: Theory presentation
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Distrust and suspicion towards others in a way that their motives are always considered as evil-minded.

8. Step 6 (continued) Schizoid Personality Disorder
detachment from social relationships and a very limited range of emotion

9. Step 6 (continued) Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Marked difficulty and insufficiency in interpersonal relationships and eccentricity, peculiarity, fussiness in thinking, talking (conversation, conversing) and behavior.

10. Step 6 (continued) Antisocial Personality Disorder
Long history of disregard and violation of others rights, manifested with irresponsible behavior and absence of guilt, indifference for the law and illegal behavior, impossibility to keep a steady job, exploitation, and manipulation of others for personal interest, deceiving others and difficulty in stable relationships.

11. Step 6 (continued) Borderline Personality Disorder
Marked instability expressed in different situations of the person’s life, as interpersonal relationships, image for self and instability in affect, as well as great impulsiveness.

12. Step 6 (continued) Histrionic Personality Disorder
exaggerated displays of emotional reactions, attention seeking.

13. Step 6 (continued) Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Great sense of self importance and grandeur, marked need for admiration and failure to be interested and recognize the needs, experiences and feelings of others.

14. Step 6 (continued) Avoidant Personality Disorder
Marked social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to criticism.

15. Step 6 (continued) Dependent Personality Disorder
Is characterized with a extreme need of being looked after by others, to a point where there is submissive behavior and fear of separation.

16. Step 6 (continued) Obsessive compulsive Personality Disorder
Obsessive about keeping things in order, perfectionism and controlling, which leads to lack of flexibility, inability to openly express emotions and be productive

17. Step 7 More details Slide 5.2.4: Paranoid Personality Disorder
The person:
suspects with no grounds that others are exploiting, harming, or deceive her / him.
bothered by Unjustified doubts about a friends / associates loyalty or trustworthiness.
unwilling to confide personal matters to others.
Finds hidden demeaning or threatening meanings in harmless remarks.
Unable to forgive and bears grudges. he / she cannot forgive insults, traumatisms or underestimating him/ her.
Perceives attacks against his/her personality or reputation and counteracts with anger.
Has recurrent groundless suspicions, regarding the faithfulness of his wife/ her husband or sexual partner.

18. Step 7 (continued) Slide 5.2.5: Schizoid Personality Disorder
 the person :
Neither wants nor is happy with close relationships.
Almost always chooses solitary activities.
Has little interest, if none, in having sex with another person.
Few activities make him happy, if any.
Has no close or trustful friends.
Appears indifferent to praise or criticism.
Shows emotional coldness, is distant or has flattened emotions.

19. Step 7 (continued) Slide 5.2.6: Schizotypal Personality Disorder
 the person appears:
Ideas of reference .
Magical thinking or odd beliefs.
Odd perceptual experiences.
Odd thinking or speech.
Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
Narrowed or inappropiated affect.
Eccentric, odd, or peculiar behavior / appearance.
Few or no close friends or confidants.
Excessive social anxiety that is not reduced through familiarity and tends to be related with paranoid fears than low self esteem.

20. Step 7 (continued) Slide 5.2.7: Antisocial Personality Disorder
 it is manifested :
Inability to follow society rules according o lawful behaviour.
Conning, repeated lying, use of false names etc.
Failure to plan ahead or being impulsive
Irritability and aggressiveness.
Reckless when it comes to their or others safety.
Constant negligence.
Lack of guilt.

21. Step 7 (continued)
Slide 5.2.8: Borderline Personality Disorder
 There are:
Going to about any lengths to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
Intense unstable interpersonal relationships characterized by characterized by idealization and followed by devaluation.
disturbance of identity: A Marked instability of self image or the sense of self.
Impulsiveness.
Recurrent suicidal behavior.
Instability in affect due to intense reactivity of mood.
Long lasting feelings of emptiness, intense anger or difficulty in controlling anger.
Temporary paranoid ideation or dissociative symptoms related to stress.

22. Step 7 (continued) Slide 5.2.9: Histrionic Personality Disorder
 it is characterized by the following :
Uncomfortable if not the center of attention.
Shows inappropriate provocative or seductive manner.
Shows shallow and rapid changing of emotion.
Uses appearance to draw attention.
Speech that lacks in detail and excessively impressionistic.
Theatrical, self dramatization, or out of proportion expression of emotion.
Easily influenced, suggestible.
Feels even a sociable relationship is intimate

23. Step 7 (continued) Has grandiose sense of self-importance.
Slide : Narcissistic Personality Disorder
 the person :
Has grandiose sense of self-importance.
Is preoccupied by fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love.
Has a belief of being special and unique. Demands excessive admiration.
Has a sense of special rights.
Will use others to achieve her / his goals.
Lacks empathy.
Often envies others or believes others are envious of her / him.
Has contemptuous or  haughty attitudes.

24. Step 7 (continued)
Slide : Avoidant Personality Disorder
 the person :
Avoids professional activities that involves important interpersonal contact.
Is unwilling to get involved due to a fear of not being liked by others.
Shows restraints in intimate relationships due to a fear of shame.
Has great worry whether she/ he will be criticized or rejected by others.
Keeps back from new interpersonal situations due to feelings of inadequacies.
Views oneself as inferior, socially inept, or personally unappealing.
Is unwilling to takes part in new activities, for a fear of being embarrassed.

25. Step 7 (continued) Slide 5.2.12: Dependent Personality Disorder
 The person :
Has a hard time in making everyday decisions with out getting advice from others.
Needs others to take the responsibility for the major areas of his / her life.
Unable to make an argument with others.
Difficulty in doing things on their own.
Does exceeding efforts to get the support of others.
Feels uncomfortable on its own as he/she fears that cannot look after himself/herself.
When one intimate relationship is over he/she is compelled to seek a new one.
Is intensely and unreasonably preoccupied with fears he/she will be left alone.

26. Step 7 (continued)
Slide : Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
 The person :
Has marked preoccupation with details, lists, order, organization, rules, or schedules.
Has marked perfectionism that interferes with the completion of the task.
Is exceedingly devoted to work and productivity.
Is over scrupulous, meticulous and inflexible in matters of morality, ethics or values.
Is unable to throw out worn-out, useless, or worthless objects, with no sentimental value.
Does not do apportion of tasks/duties.
Becomes stingy.
Is Stubborn and rigid.

27. Step 7: Questions and comments (5΄)