Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Folke Günther Carbon dioxide, deciding for our future Folke Günther FG Holon Ecosystem Consultants Lund Sweden.

Published by Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Folke Günther Carbon dioxide, deciding for our future Folke Günther FG Holon Ecosystem Consultants Lund Sweden."— Presentation transcript:

1 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon dioxide, deciding for our future Folke Günther FG Holon Ecosystem Consultants Lund Sweden

2 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The climate situation of today is far from satisfying Increasing frequency of abnormal weather situations Destabilised El Niño – Monsoon cycles Increasing risk of non-linear climate changes, ’tipping points’ FG

3 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se A simple overwiev of some of the basic stuff 1.On different types of systems 2.On non-linear behaviour of complex systems 3.On carbon chemistry (while you are awake) FG

4 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se After that: We move on to the sexier parts of the story 4.An easy way to get rid of carbon dioxide 5.How this could be done easy 6.How to promote massive sequestration FG

5 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se A few words on systems theory FG 1

6 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se All systems are not the same Simple systems FG

7 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Characteristics of simple systems Can be understod from knowledge of their parts Show predictable behaviour such as: –Trajectories –Calculability –Back-tracking Rather few components make them intuitively understandable FG

8 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se All systems are not of the same type Simple systems Complicated systems FG

9 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Complcated systems FG

10 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Complicated systems are of the same type as simple systems Can be understod from knowledge of their parts Therfore: Show predictable behaviour such as: –Trajectories –Calculability –Back-tracking But: Too many components make an intuitive understanding impossible FG

11 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Complex systems FG

12 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Characteristics of complex system Can not be understod from (even total) knowledge of their parts Therfore: Show unpredictable, nonlinear behaviour such as: –Catastrophes –Bifurcations –Emergence Non-linear behaviour is typical for complex systems The system contains more than can be calculated from knowledge of its parts FG Bifurcation (tipping) point

13 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se FG Examples of complex systems

14 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Examples of non-linear behaviour in complex systems FG 2

15 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 Future Past FG Present Bifurcations (Tipping points): Abrupt changes in complex systems

16 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The melting of the North polar cap –Cause: Decrease of the ice-cap decrease albedo  more melting  further albedo decrease  sweet water release –Possible result: sweet water from the polar cap closes NADW The disruption of the Gulf Stream –Cause: Sweet-water prevents sinking of cold,salt water – no NADW –Ice-age in Northern Europe and North America –cooling (The change to Younger Dryas evolved in about 10 years, lasted 1300 years) Examples of tipping points in the global system FG

17 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The change to cold conditions, during which the surface temperature temperature of the Northern Hemisphere dropped precipitously precipitously (nearly 15ºC in Greenland) in a series of abrupt, decade-scale jumps, due to the loss of the NADW. This abrupt climate change is known as the "Younger "Younger Dryas" Dryas" event, lasting about 1,300 years. FG The Younger Dryas FG

18 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Examples of non-linear behaviour of the global system Methane emissions from the melting tundra –Multiplied greenhouse effect  heating  More melting, more methane  The calving of the Ross-ice –increasing sea level  decreased brake  7 m sea level increase within a 20 year period FG

19 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se On carbon chemistry FG 3

20 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemical constellations 1.The reduced form These compounds are easily oxidized into carbon dioxide FG

21 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemical constellations These compounds are stable under normal conditions, and not easily oxidized into carbon dioxide Diamond 1.The reduced form 2.The neutral form FG

22 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemical constellations These compounds are stable under normal conditions, and not easily oxidized into carbon dioxide Anthracite, coal The neutral form FG

23 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Coal formation FG

24 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemical constellations These compounds are stable under normal conditions, and not easily oxidized into carbon dioxide Charcoal, biochar 2.The neutral form Produced during pyrolysis /C(H 2 O)/ n biomass heating of biomass with reduced oxygen access FG Oxidation resistace time: 50,000 years (Ogawa)

25 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemical constellations Charcoal, biochar 2.The neutral form /C(H 2 O)/ n biomass FG These compounds are stable under normal conditions, and not easily oxidized into carbon dioxide Oxidation resistace time: 50,000 years (Ogawa)

26 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Carbon has three pricipal chemial constellations 3.The oxidized form Sunlight Heat This compound is stable under normal conditions, and need an energy input to be converted into other compounds 1.Heat reflecting 2.= Greenhouse gas 3.475 Gt (4.75 11 tonnes) extra produced during industrialisation Carbon dioxide FG

27 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se An easy way to catch and get rid of carbon dioxide FG 4

28 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Statement: There is already too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere You can not solve that problem by releasing less every year You have to remove some of the carbon dioxide How? FG

29 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se By that, carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. The process is called carbon sequestration /C(H 2 O)/ n When plants add solar energy to the carbon dioxide molecules, carbon dioxide is converted into biomass FG

30 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se However… /C(H 2 O)/ n After a century, or less, the biomass decomposes and releases the carbon dioxide again It is like putting dirt under the carpet. It will reveal… FG

31 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se As carbon as charcoal is extremely stable If you bury it in the soil, it stays there for thousands of years (2 000 –> 50 000 +) FG But…

32 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se So, if you convert biomass into charcoal /C(H 2 O)/ n FG

33 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se /C(H 2 O)/ n..and bury it into the soil..

34 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Then, you have created a pathway for carbon dioxide into a semi- permanent storage FG

35 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The problem summarized FG 5

36 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 avg. global temp (CH2) n 475 Gt 8 Gt 7 Gt 6 Gt 5 Gt 4 Gt 3 Gt 483 Gt 490 Gt 496 Gt 501 Gt 505 Gt 508 Gt FG Excess CO 2 in atmosphere 475 Gt After 2008: Constantly diminishing emissions:

37 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se FG

38 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Just successive decrease of the emissions, however successful might lead to a cata- stro- phe FG

39 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Successive decrease PLUS sequstration Might solve the pro- blem

40 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Charcoal in the soil is certainly not inactive FG

41 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Terra Preta: A 2000 Year Old Soil Experiment (Steiner, 2002) Man-Made Soil Plots Average size 20 ha Carbon dated at 800 B.C- 500 A.D High Carbon Content (4-20%, typically 9%) Terra preta yields as much as three-fold the surrounding infertile soils. Danny Day, Eprida FG

42 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se …about three times crop yield Oxisol (normal rain forest soil) Terra Preta (anthrosol: charcoal enriched oxisol) FG

43 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Charcoal works as an adsorption lattice for micro-organsism and nutrient particles FG

44 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se FG

45 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Micro- organisms inside the cavities of a charcoal particle FG

46 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se 1 gramme of charcoal might have an inner area of about 400 sq. meters

47 Ten grammes of charcoal has a surface about the size of a football pitch

48 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Charcoal addition to the soil provides nutrient and water storage for mycorrhizal fungi Their hyphae invade charcoal pores and support spore reproduction Ogawa Kansai Environmental Charcoal is sought out by soil micro- organism Fungi on New Char Fungi on 100 Yr Old Char FG

49 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The plants seek contact with microorganisms Richard Haard, February 12, 2007 FG Charcoal after one year of application

50 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se The production of charcoal gives by-products useful for industry and homes FG

51 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Progression of the pyrolysis process Danny Day, Eprida FG

52 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Heat To industry Charcoal production plant Danny Day, Eprida Ammonia FG 40 %

53 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se If excess nutrients from settlements are used for carbon loading, this lead to a win-win situation FG

54 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Now, we have lots of good reasons to add charcoal to the soil counteracting the greehouse effect (the ethics of giving ourselves and our children a future) increasing soil fertility (providing more food and a healthier landscape) providing industrial raw material in a situation with fossil fuel scarcity FG

55 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Is that enough? FG

56 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Probably not FG

57 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se To really get people’s attention, you have to talk money FG

58 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se What about a fair carbon tax? FG

59 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se If you want to emit net carbon dioxide: Today’s situation :

60 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se  And you must have an emission permit FG  You have to pay a tax

61 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Tax and permit fund FG $ Payment Permission Emission The PPE model

62 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se If you decrease the atmospheric carbon dioxide: FG But:

63 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se  And you should be the only one who has the right to sell emission permits  You should be paid the same amount as the emission tax FG

64 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se /C(H 2 O)/ n Carbon sequestration fund $ FG Sequestration Validation Payment The SVP model

65 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se System overview FG

66 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se A prosperous way down? FG

67 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se We burn our petrol candles increasing the climate problems but now we can reverse them turn CO2 to char and bury it into soil Glad tidings we bring To you and your kin Get rid of the very Problem Go bury´ it into soil! Turn CO2 to charcoal Turn CO2 to charcoal Turn CO2 to charcoal And bury it into soil Glad tidings we bring To you and your kin; Get rid of the very Problem Go bury it into soil! Song and music: Anders Linder Idea: Folke Günther Save the world song Mel: We Wish You A Merry Christmas

68 Folke Günther http:www.holon.se/folkefolke@holon.se Thank You! Visit http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/

Download ppt "Folke Günther Carbon dioxide, deciding for our future Folke Günther FG Holon Ecosystem Consultants Lund Sweden."

Similar presentations

Thank You! Locally Integrated Food & Energy L.I.F.E. David Yarrow www.dyarrow.org sustain and retain wealth for common good /biochar /CarbonFarming /terracharge.

Thank You! Locally Integrated Food & Energy L.I.F.E. David Yarrow sustain and retain wealth for common good /biochar /CarbonFarming /terracharge.
Why and how is matter recycled in our ecosystem?

Why and how is matter recycled in our ecosystem?
Climate Change An Inconvenient Truth. MAIN IDEAS 1.Human use of resources is releasing increasing amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere. 2.This is leading.

Climate Change An Inconvenient Truth. MAIN IDEAS 1.Human use of resources is releasing increasing amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere. 2.This is leading.
Hydrocarbon Fuel Problems Noadswood Science, 2011.

Hydrocarbon Fuel Problems Noadswood Science, 2011.
Fungi on New Char Micropores Fungi on 100 Year Old Char biochar is sought out by mycorrhizal fungi, other microbes and plant root hairs “microbial reef”

Fungi on New Char Micropores Fungi on 100 Year Old Char biochar is sought out by mycorrhizal fungi, other microbes and plant root hairs “microbial reef”
Tuesday PAP Biology. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles Biology 12(E)

Tuesday PAP Biology. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles Biology 12(E)
Global Warming The Earth's climate has changed many times in the past. Subtropical forests have spread from the south into more temperate (or milder, cooler.

Global Warming The Earth's climate has changed many times in the past. Subtropical forests have spread from the south into more temperate (or milder, cooler.
1.3 Extracting Energy from Biomass

1.3 Extracting Energy from Biomass
Carbon Sequestration Akilah Martin Fall 2005. Outline Pre-Assessment  Student learning goals  Carbon Sequestration Background  Century Model Overview.

Carbon Sequestration Akilah Martin Fall Outline Pre-Assessment  Student learning goals  Carbon Sequestration Background  Century Model Overview.
Arctic summers ice-free by 2013 predict scientists European heat waves kill 35,000 2006 – the UK’s warmest year on record Rising sea levels threaten Pacific.

Arctic summers ice-free by 2013 predict scientists European heat waves kill 35, – the UK’s warmest year on record Rising sea levels threaten Pacific.
Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm. The Sun’s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space)

Greenhouse Effect How we stay warm. The Sun’s energy reaches Earth through Radiation (heat traveling through Space)
Global Warming Dimi Voliotis. What is Global Warming? Global Warming is the rise in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere, generally attributed.

Global Warming Dimi Voliotis. What is Global Warming? Global Warming is the rise in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere, generally attributed.
Climate Change and Ozone Depletion

Climate Change and Ozone Depletion
All About Green House Gases. What are Green house gases? Green house gases are gasses that are in an atmosphere that take in and let out radiation within.

All About Green House Gases. What are Green house gases? Green house gases are gasses that are in an atmosphere that take in and let out radiation within.
Climate Change and Acid Rain

Climate Change and Acid Rain
Air Quality and Climate Change. Coal and Oil Formation Both are Fossil Fuels: remains of plants and animals that died anywhere from 400 million to 1 million.

Air Quality and Climate Change. Coal and Oil Formation Both are Fossil Fuels: remains of plants and animals that died anywhere from 400 million to 1 million.
Cooling the Planet with Biomass? 350ppm CO 2 ? Catastrophic climate change demands strong measures… Burning biomass and sequestering the carbon will.

Cooling the Planet with Biomass? 350ppm CO 2 ? Catastrophic climate change demands strong measures… Burning biomass and sequestering the carbon will.
Global Warming What Is It?.

Global Warming What Is It?.
Topic : Case Studies of Important Scientific and Technological Issues The Nature and Development of Science and Technology Global Warming.

Topic : Case Studies of Important Scientific and Technological Issues The Nature and Development of Science and Technology Global Warming.
Environment… I.The circumstances or conditions that surround one; surroundings. II.The totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or a group of.

Environment… I.The circumstances or conditions that surround one; surroundings. II.The totality of circumstances surrounding an organism or a group of.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google