1. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster Business Tourism Events: The education and careers backgrounds of Convention Bureau managers Rob Davidson and Krzysztof Celuch Bournemouth University Event Tourism Conference 10 January 2007

2. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster THE BUSINESS TOURISM SECTOR (M.I.C.E.) (M.I.C.E.) The ‘blue chip’ sector of tourism The ‘blue chip’ sector of tourism An excellent provider of job opportunities, but … An excellent provider of job opportunities, but … ‘careers within the conference industry are relatively new, with little information available on potential career progression or pathways’. (McCabe 2001) ‘careers within the conference industry are relatively new, with little information available on potential career progression or pathways’. (McCabe 2001)

3. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster RESEARCH ON BUSINESS TOURISM CAREERS Relevant at this time, because of the changing patterns in working life: Relevant at this time, because of the changing patterns in working life: organisations becoming flatter, leaner, meaner and more global in nature organisations becoming flatter, leaner, meaner and more global in nature the concept of the ‘self-directed’ career – the individual taking control of his/her career path the concept of the ‘self-directed’ career – the individual taking control of his/her career path

4. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster BUSINESS TOURISM CAREERS Unregulated – low barriers to entry, with regard to specific industry skills Unregulated – low barriers to entry, with regard to specific industry skills Entrants to the industry often have generic skills and are recruited from outside the industry Entrants to the industry often have generic skills and are recruited from outside the industry There is movement of people between the business tourism industry sectors, in order to achieve their overall career objectives There is movement of people between the business tourism industry sectors, in order to achieve their overall career objectives

5. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster BUSINESS TOURISM EDUCATION ‘Despite the rapid development of the convention industry in past decades in terms of infrastructure, education and training programs have not been focused in the same systematic manner’. (MacLaurin, 2002) ‘Despite the rapid development of the convention industry in past decades in terms of infrastructure, education and training programs have not been focused in the same systematic manner’. (MacLaurin, 2002) Sporadic and ad-hoc developments by universities Sporadic and ad-hoc developments by universities Industry associations’ involvement Industry associations’ involvement

6. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster CONFERENCE DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANISATIONS Conference destination marketing occurs at various geographic levels Conference destination marketing occurs at various geographic levels Convention and Visitor Bureaux (CVBs) Convention and Visitor Bureaux (CVBs) Other destination management/marketing organisations, such as National Tourism Organisations Other destination management/marketing organisations, such as National Tourism Organisations

7. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster CONFERENCE DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANISATIONS According to Rosvi Gaetos, former Secretary General of the Asian Association of CVBs: ‘NTOs and CVBs are the best places to train new entrants into the industry, with both entities providing a broad insight into the industry’. According to Rosvi Gaetos, former Secretary General of the Asian Association of CVBs: ‘NTOs and CVBs are the best places to train new entrants into the industry, with both entities providing a broad insight into the industry’.

8. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster RESEARCH QUESTION Convention Bureau managers: Who are these people, and where do they come from? Convention Bureau managers: Who are these people, and where do they come from?

9. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster SURVEY OF ICCA MEMBERS 114 responses 114 responses 28 CVBs representing countries 28 CVBs representing countries 21 CVBs representing regions 21 CVBs representing regions 71 CVBs representing cities 71 CVBs representing cities (6 multiple replies: city/regions) (6 multiple replies: city/regions)

10. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster HOW LONG HAS YOUR CVB EXISTED ? 0-5 years:35(31%) 0-5 years:35(31%) 6-10 years:22(19.3%) 6-10 years:22(19.3%) 11-15 years:18(15.7%) 11-15 years:18(15.7%) Over 15 years:38(33.3%) Over 15 years:38(33.3%)

11. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster IN WHICH COUNTRY IS YOUR CVB LOCATED ? AUSTRALIA 5 AUSTRIA 7 BAHRAIN 1 BELGIUM 5 BRAZIL 2 CANADA 2 CROATIA 1 DENMARK 1 ETHIOPIA 1 FINLAND 5 FRANCE 5 GERMANY 5 GREECE 1 HUNGARY 2 IRELAND 1 ISRAEL 1 ITALY 4 JAPAN 3 MALAYSIA 1 MEXICO 3 NETHERLANDS 6 NEW ZEALAND 1 NORWAY 2 POLAND 3 PORTUGAL 2 SINGAPORE 1 SLOVENIA 1 S. AFRICA 2 S. KOREA 2 SPAIN 8 SRI LANKA 1 SWEDEN 2 SWITZERLAND 7 THAILAND 1 TURKEY 1 U.A.E. 1 U.K. 14 U.S.A. 1

12. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster YOUR HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION ? School certificate:20 (17.5%) School certificate:20 (17.5%) University bachelor degree:50 (43.8%) University bachelor degree:50 (43.8%) University masters degree:43 (37.7%) University masters degree:43 (37.7%) Doctorate degree:1 (0.01%) Doctorate degree:1 (0.01%)

13. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster SUBJECTS STUDIED AT UNIVERSITY ECONOMICS:18 ECONOMICS:18 TOURISM:16 TOURISM:16 HOTEL MANAGEMENT:13 HOTEL MANAGEMENT:13 BUSINESS:13 BUSINESS:13 LANGUAGES:12 LANGUAGES:12 MARKETING:11 MARKETING:11 COMMUNICATION:8 COMMUNICATION:8 POLITICAL SCIENCE:6 POLITICAL SCIENCE:6

14. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster SPECIFIC ELEMENTS IN DESTINATION MARKETING Taken by 60 respondents (53.1%) Taken by 60 respondents (53.1%) At university ICCAEFCTMPIIAPCO1613733 Only 4 respondents with specific conference industry qualifications Only 4 respondents with specific conference industry qualifications

15. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE Marketing other products / services, apart from destinations:49 responses Marketing other products / services, apart from destinations:49 responses Marketing what? Marketing what? Hotels Conference venues TransportFood/beverages Other consumer products 117554

16. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE Hotels(not marketing)36 Hotels(not marketing)36 Travel trade26 Travel trade26 Teaching15 Teaching15 National government13 National government13 Local government10 Local government10 PCO/DMC07 PCO/DMC07 Venue management03 Venue management03 (also: architecture, interior design, banking, librarianship, mining) (also: architecture, interior design, banking, librarianship, mining)

17. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster HOW PROBABLE IS IT THAT YOU WOULD CHANGE CAREER AND MOVE TO A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PROFESSION ? Very probable:8 responses Very probable:8 responses Probable:40 responses Probable:40 responses Improbable:56 responses Improbable:56 responses I would never consider working in a different profession:08 responses I would never consider working in a different profession:08 responses

18. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster WHAT WOULD BE THE MOST LIKELY REASON FOR YOU MOVING TO A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PROFESSION ? Lack of opportunity for promotion:24 responses Lack of opportunity for promotion:24 responses Salary too low:18 responses Salary too low:18 responses Too much stress:08 responses Too much stress:08 responses Too much time away from home:02 responses Too much time away from home:02 responses

19. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster CONCLUSIONS Lack of public awareness of career opportunities in this sector: Industry-specific careers information is required, to raise awareness of business tourism career opportunities Lack of public awareness of career opportunities in this sector: Industry-specific careers information is required, to raise awareness of business tourism career opportunities High mobility rates and turnover, due to the lack of clear progression opportunities and an attractive reward system for employees High mobility rates and turnover, due to the lack of clear progression opportunities and an attractive reward system for employees University curricula must combine sector-specific content with generic business (marketing) and communications skills University curricula must combine sector-specific content with generic business (marketing) and communications skills

20. Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science ____________________________________________________ Krzysztof Celuch, Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science Rob Davidson, University of Westminster THANK YOU. Rob Davidson University of Westminster davidsr@wmin.ac.uk Krzysztof Celuch Warsaw University of Economics and Computer Science krzysztof.celuch@wsei.pl davidsr@wmin.ac.uk@