1. Journal Club 매주 목요일 –3:45-4:00 다과회 –4:00-4:45 발표 및 토론회 2009 년 1 월 22 일 – HEP 101 2009 년 1 월 29 일 – 대칭성 2009 년 2 월 5 일 - 검출기 …..

2. 용평 국제입자물리학술대회 제목 : APCTP 2009 YongPyong (YongPyong Astro-Particle and Conformal Topical Physics 2009) 일시 : 2008 년 2 월 23~27 일 장소 : 강원도 용평 리조트 내용 : 세계 3 대 입자물리 겨울 학회 – 북미 (Aspen), 유럽 (Moriond), 아태 ( 용평 ) – 핵입자물리연구회 봄미팅과 연계 –Plenary 세션 & Parallel ( 끈이론, 현상론, 실험 / 컴퓨팅 ) 주최 : 아태이론물리센터, 서강대 양자시공간연구센터, 고등과학원, KISTI 홈페이지 : hep.kisti.re.kr

3. High Energy Physics 101 Kihyeon Cho January 22, 2009

4. People have long asked, What is world made of? and What holds it together?

5. In Ancient time What is world made of? water fire earth air

6. What is World Made of?

7. Standard Model t, b, c are heavier than other quarks - heavy flavor quarks W, Z, top are stand out from the rest.

8. Matter Hadron (Quark) - size –Baryon (qqq): proton, neutron –Meson (q qbar): pion, kaon Lepton – no size –Point particle

9. How to know any of this? (Testing Theory) Example –Light bulb (Source) –Tennis ball (target) –Eye (detector)

10. Accelerators solve two problems: –High energy gives small wavelength to detect small particles. (Lambda = h /p ) –The high energy create the massive particles that the physicist want to study.(E=mc^2) How to detect?

11. Accelerator design Shapes –Linacs (SLAC) –Synchrotrons (Fermilab) Collision types –Fixed target (E687, FOCUS) –Colliding beams (CDF, Belle, BTeV) => CM = 1TeV+1TeV => 2TeV

12. High Energy Experiment

13. Fixed target vs Colliding beams (total energy) 2 -(total momentum) 2 = invariant in all frames of reference Assume that 800GeV(E beam ) proton collides in a fixed target(proton). Center of mom. frame Laboraroty frame Total energy: E CM E beam +m p Total momentum: 0 P beam Invariant: E CM 2 (E beam +m p ) 2 -P beam 2 E = [ 2(m p 2 +E beam m p ) ] 1/2 = 38.8GeV We are enough to 19.4GeV+19.4GeV proton beams in collider !!! Question: What’s the advantage of a fixed target experiment?

14. The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

15. Where is Fermilab? 20 mile west of Chicago U.S.A Fermilab

16. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Highest Energy Accelerator in the World Energy Frontier: CDF, D0 Search for New Physics (Higgs, SUSY, quark composites,… Precision Frontier: charm, kaon, neutrino physics (FOCUS, KTeV, NUMI/MINOS,BOONE,…etc. Connection to Cosmology: Sloan Digital sky survey, Pierre Auger,… Largest HEP Laboratory in USA 2200 employees 2300 users (researchers from univ.) Budget is >$300 million

17. Overview of Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler  p source Booster CDF D0 Fixed Target Experiment

18. Tevatron Run 1 (1992-1996) Protons H source (18 KeV) → Cockcroft Walton accelerator (750 KeV) → Linac (400 MeV) → Booster (8 GeV) → Main Ring (150 GeV) → Tevatron (900 GeV) Antiprotons Main Ring (120 GeV) → Antiproton Source (Ni) → Debuncher (8 GeV) Accumulator (8 GeV) → Main Ring (150 GeV) → Tevatron (900 GeV)

19. Tevatron Run II (2001 – 2010) Main Injector (150 GeV proton storage ring) replaces Main Ring Pbar improved –Cooling system –a new permanent magnet recycler Increased number of p and pbar bunches (6  36  100 )

21. What holds it together? (The four interactions)

22. Masses of Fundamental Particles t, b, c are heavier than other quarks - heavy flavor quarks W, Z, top are stand out from the rest.

23. Electromagnetic interactions w/ atoms

24. WeakElectro- magnetic Strong Range 1/Mw Infinitive 1F=1/m  Typical Lifetime (sec) 10^-12 or longer 10^-20~ 10^-16 10^-23 Typical Cross section(mb) 10^-1110^-310 Typical Coupling  10^-610^-21 Summary of interactions

25. References B.G Cheon ’ s Summer School (2002) S.H Yang ’ s Colloquium (2001) PDG home page (http://pdg.lbl.gov)http://pdg.lbl.gov. K. Cho ’ s lecture (2004.9.20)