1. TRADITIONAL COOKING FUELS OVENS & STOVES in TURKEY ASLI İŞLER Chem.Eng.MSc. ISTANBUL PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP “ENERGY & POVERTY: CLEAN COOKING FUELS” 16-17 June 2008

2. CONTENT Industrial Energy Inputs Biomass Energy Biomass Energy in the World & in Turkey Cooking in the World & in Turkey Ovens & Stoves in Turkey Conclusions

3. Wood : First fuel of human lifeWood : First fuel of human life Wood Ash : First waste product CoalCoal OilOil Natural GasNatural Gas Nuclear PowerNuclear Power New Renewable Energy TechnologiesNew Renewable Energy Technologies  Biomass Energy INDUSTRIAL ENERGY INPUTS

4. One of the most important energy sources with its strategic and technical importance and its applicability within renewable energy sources BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES

5. WoodWood Oil seedsOil seeds Carbohydrate plantsCarbohydrate plants Fiber plantsFiber plants Plant residuesPlant residues Animal wastesAnimal wastes Urban and industrial wastesUrban and industrial wastes BIOMASS ENERGY SOURCES

6. BIOMASS ENERGY DIRECT USE:Heating and Cooking TRADITIONAL BIOMASS Electricity:BIOELECTRICITY BIOMASS POWER Biofuels, Biomaterials, Biochemicals by Conversion Processes BIOREFINERY COGENERATION & TRIGENERATION

7. BIOMASS ENERGY TRADITIONAL USING MODERN USING Must for the underdeveloped and developing countriesMust for the underdeveloped and developing countries Constituent for developed countriesConstituent for developed countries Worldwide biomass fuels including firewood, charcoal, dung and agricultural residues  2.5 billion peopleWorldwide biomass fuels including firewood, charcoal, dung and agricultural residues  2.5 billion people

8. BIOMASS POTENTIAL in the WORLD & in TURKEY

9. WORLD’S RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION SHARES-2006 (Agricultural Waste,Fuel Wood,Animal Dung) Renewable Energy Share in the Total Consumption : 18%

10. HOUSEHOLDS USING TRADITIONAL BIOMASS 500 Million HOUSEHOLD SCALE BIOGAS 25 Million (displacing kerosene & other cooking fuel) WORLD BIOENERGY:2006

11. The share of renewable biofuels of primary energy supply in 2006 : 11.5%The share of renewable biofuels of primary energy supply in 2006 : 11.5% Wood, animal waste & plant residue production in 2006 : 5127 million tonnes of oil equivalentWood, animal waste & plant residue production in 2006 : 5127 million tonnes of oil equivalent BIOMASS in TURKEY

12. COOKING in the WORLD & in TURKEY

13. Shares of the traditional biomass in 2001 of total primary energy supply: 49% in Africa49% in Africa 25% in Asia25% in Asia 18% in Latin America18% in Latin America Higher values in some African countriesHigher values in some African countries COOKING IN THE WORLD

14. Save biomass consumption from 10 to 50 %Save biomass consumption from 10 to 50 % Improve the air qualityImprove the air quality Reduce the greenhouse gasesReduce the greenhouse gases Countries using improved stoves widely : China, India and especially KenyaCountries using improved stoves widely : China, India and especially Kenya Number of improved stoves in the world : 220 millionNumber of improved stoves in the world : 220 million Number of stoves using traditional biomass as the cooking fuel : 570 millionNumber of stoves using traditional biomass as the cooking fuel : 570 million IMPROVED BIOMASS COOKING STOVES

15. Biomass burned in traditional stoves and used for both cooking and heating : Wood Charcoal Sawdust Straw Stalk Combustible residues Wastes Another intensively used primary source in rural areas:Coal COOKING in TURKEY

16. OVENS & STOVES in TURKEY

17. Wood stoves Dung stoves Sawdust stoves Güzine stoves Rock ovens Tandoor ovens WIDELY USED STOVES & OVENS

18. WOOD STOVE Simple stove type, which utilize energy for heating and cooking with burning the wood Continuously feeding of wood Widely used in the rural areas where forestry products are abundant

19. WOOD STOVE

20. SAWDUST STOVE Similar running system as wood stove Feedstock : Sawdust obtained from cutting trees

21. TANDOOR OVEN One of the oldest traditional ovens Plastering the inner walls of a digged hole in the ground with adobe  a place in the bottom of the oven in order to burn Usage depth : 1 meter Closing the outer surface with clay possible

22. ROCK OVEN Consist of fire resistant special rocks, which have a name “Şamot” in the Ottoman Empire time

23. GÜZİNE STOVE

24. CONCLUSIONS Coming future : Traditional biomass intensively all around the world, especially in the developing and underdeveloped countries and in rural areas One of the most important point for using traditional biomass : Considering the human health both for the indoor and outdoor conditions Standards formation Household biomass using energy managers like a woman house engineer and a child house engineer Importance of teachers for educating people Energy action plan about cooking with biomass by governments

25. CONCLUSIONS Developments in the area of producing and using improved stoves : Can be an important sector in the future Using traditional biomass : Part for energy production in the future, but with its standards and by considering the human health Traditional biomass using  Advantage with the todays knowledge of people as humankind deserves

26. THANK YOU!