1. Opportunities for Achieving Clean Air in Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board March 17 th, 2010 Ellen Pierce, Ph.D. Mobile Source Programs Bureau of Air Management

2. Overview Update on Connecticut’s Air Quality Efforts and Emerging Challenges – Standards and Reductions – Vehicles – Clean Fuels – VMT – Clean Diesel Strategies Moving Forward – Innovative Strategies – 2007 TSB Plan – Issues to Consider for 2010 Plan

3. The Good News 1-Hour Ozone Annual Fine Particulate Daily Fine Particulate 8-Hour Ozone Air pollution levels continue to drop Emission control programs are working Controls have been equitably spread across all sectors

4. The Challenge New, much tougher ozone standard in 2010 Revisions to annual fine particle standards under consideration – Tougher fine particle standard likely in the 2011 timeframe New air quality plan in 2013 – Called the SIP or State Implementation Plan Low hanging fruit is all gone Climate change challenge is very significant

5. Ambient Monitoring: Near Roadway Emphasis January 22, 2010: January 22, 2010: EPA adopted stricter standards for NO 2 emissions – Mandates changes to air monitoring near roadways December 9, 2009: December 9, 2009: EPA proposed new SO 2 standard – Monitoring to focus on population and sources 2013: 2013: Monitors must be operational in New Haven, Fairfield, Hartford Counties Refocuses air quality measurement on transportation Refocuses air quality measurement on transportation

6. Transportation Emissions Account for 40% of Overall Emissions

7. Connecticut Gross GHG Emissions with Target Levels 1990-2006

8. Environment Achieving Multiple Goals Requires State-Wide Integrated Planning Economic Development Energy

9. Cleaner Fuels Cleaner Cars Change Behavior Federal and State Tools for Reducing Transportation Emissions Economic Development Opportunities

10. Traditional Control Measures Further reducing emissions from industrial and commercial sources Reducing and strictly enforcing speed limits of 55 mph Restricting and reducing parking resources in cities Requiring employee commute programs Alternate day driving restrictions Highway congestion pricing

11. Effective Vehicle Strategies Inspection & Maintenance – Mandated by Clean Air Act – 19 of the 200 tons per day of air pollutant reductions included in Connecticut’s 2007 Ozone Attainment Plan Clean Cars – One of 14 States adopting California LEV Meet stringent, CA emissions standards as of 2008 GHG standards of CA LEV II effective in 2009 – Basis for proposed federal vehicle program in 2012

12. Federal Vehicle Program for 2012 Newly proposed EPA/DOT GHG emissions and fuel economy standards Single light-duty national fleet that satisfies Federal and California requirements. Applies to – passenger cars – light-duty trucks – medium-duty passenger vehicles – MY 2012 -2016 Requirements: Reduce GHG Emissions and Improve Fuel Economy to 35.5 mpg Target: finalized by March 31, 2010.

13. Federal Clean Fuel Programs 1973: 1973: Lead phased out of gasoline 1995: 1995: Reformulated fuel reduces toxics and ozone 2005: 2005: Energy Policy Act creates Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) as an effective reduction strategy for gasoline 2010: 2010: New Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) – EPA finalized February 5, 2010 – Increases the volume of renewable fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022.

14. Reducing VMT: Passenger Vehicle Challenges Need to get people out of their cars VMT estimated to increase Older vehicles are dirtier than newer Limited mass transit Transportation corridor from NY to Boston Federal Clean Air Act mandates, possible sanctions if not successful

16. Reducing VMT Through Congestion Mitigation Air Quality (CMAQ) Improved public transit Improved commuter rail Improved rail and parking facilities Telecommuting/flexible scheduling Pedestrian/bike pathways

17. Reducing VMT through the State Transportation Improvement Plan Road improvements Multi-modal improvements New Britain/Hartford Busway Transit Improvements Transit Parking Rail Improvement Good start, but more is needed

18. Funded Diesel Projects Diesel Emission Reduction Act (DERA) grants funded by the American Reinvestment and Reconstruction Act (ARRA, a.k.a. Stimulus Program) ConnDOT Truck and Construction Retrofits Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) at Port of New Haven Locomotive Repower and Retrofit

19. Anti-Idling Strategy CT 3-Minute Anti-Idling Rule Cost saving opportunity Extend infraction authority to police APUs “Waste busters –Idling Myths” movie available online at: http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2684&q=322086#Video

20. Clean Air Construction Initiative Partnership with ConnDOT Partnership with ConnDOT – Q-Bridge Clean Construction Initiative>150 Construction vehicles Retrofit vehicles Use clean fuels Observe 3 minute idling limit – DEP provided 2009 ARRA/DERA funds for retrofits of snow plows and construction vehicles used at highway projects

21. Port Strategies Link Air Quality Benefits with Economic Development Developed proposals for DERA/ARRA funding with Bridgeport, New Haven Green Port Strategies reduce emissions from – Marine Vessels – Port Operations – Drayage Trucks and Locomotives Strategies include – Retrofits – Repower – Retirement/Replacement – Idle reduction Cold ironing Gate management Electrified truck stops APUs Creates green jobs, promotes green technologies

22. Moving Forward

23. Regional Clean Fuels Initiative: Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) December 2009: Memorandum of Understanding signed by 11 states Market driven standard that achieves GHG reductions required by the Global Warming Solutions Act Covers Transportation Fuels and possibly heating oil Fuels have emissions not just when they are consumed in the vehicle, but along their entire lifecycle; LCFS focuses on Well-to-Wheel emissions of a fuel First Step: to conduct an economic analysis and develop a program framework See http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/air/climatechange/lcfs_mou_govs_12-30-09.pdf http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/air/climatechange/lcfs_mou_govs_12-30-09.pdf

24. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Council Created by Executive Order 34 Goal is to prepare state for integration of EV into the market Council composed of various state agencies, utilities and trade associations Areas of Focus: – vehicles, – home-based charging – infrastructure planning and policies, – energy and environmental planning and policies, – economic development, – outreach See http://www.ct.gov/dpuc/cwp/view.asp?a=3856&q=452086 http://www.ct.gov/dpuc/cwp/view.asp?a=3856&q=452086

25. 2007 Transportation Strategies Smart Growth Smart Growth – focus on Transit Oriented Development – foster Economic Development Public Transportation Public Transportation – expand options to single occupancy automobile trips – improve transit convenience and cost – integrate transportation options – mitigation and management of road congestion Freight Movement Freight Movement – expand & coordinate the State’s air, rail, road and water infrastructure – improve the flow and safety of commercial truck traffic

26. Moving Forward on the 2007 Strategies Smart Growth Smart Growth – Public Act 07-70 required that new state facilities be located near mass transit Public Transportation Public Transportation – 300 new rail cars ordered with stimulus funds – Expanding Clean Transit: CT Transit has 1 hydrogen bus, adding 4 more & fueling infrastructure CT Transit has 2 hybrid buses, 21 more on order for CT Transit and Waterbury Ordering 2010 compliant diesel buses – Public Act 08-155 advanced new & expanded bus transportation services in Connecticut Freight Movement Freight Movement – Electrified Truck Stop at Port of New Haven being built with stimulus funds

27. Issues to Consider for the 2010 Plan

28. Federal Opportunities Proposed Surface Transportation Authorization Act of 2009 refocuses the CMAQ program to fund projects: – To improve air quality, – Reduce congestion, and – Improve public health and the livability of communities. Partner with DOT to align funding to achieve state goals

29. Regional Opportunities Regional Collaboration through national leaders in Energy, Environment and Transportation RGGI was developed to reduce emissions from power plants. Inviting state DOTs and Energy Departments to develop policies to reduce GHGs from transportation sector Options: Develop multistate alternate fuel infrastructure; coordinate VMT reductions Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) + Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) States

30. State Planning Considerations Federal Clean Air Act requirements to attain NAAQS Global Warming Solutions Act GHG reductions Multi-pollutant approaches will get us there quicker Focus Transportation Strategy to emphasize: – Transit Oriented Development – VMT reduction – Alternate fuels/vehicles and their infrastructure – Anti-Idling outreach and technology incentives

31. Local Opportunities: Building Sustainable Communities Federal and State Partnerships – Sustainable Communities Initiative – Housing, Transportation and the Environment-Convergence of Transit, Green Building and Brownfield Remediation – Governor’s Steering Committee on Climate Change, Municipal Summit on Climate Action

32. Multimodal Strategies to Influence Local Travel Patterns Arlington, VA From Arlington, VA: – Provide comprehensive travel option information and encouragement – Increase focus on parking management (supply and pricing) Portland, OR From Portland, OR: – Prepare local land use and development plans – Urban highway removal and land restoration – Transit malls as focus for downtown redevelopment Seattle, WA From Seattle, WA: Local VMT reduction incentives: – One less car challenge incentive (with trial separation incentive) – Cash incentives to reduce solo commuting 2 – Cut 2 car trips per week: register, pledge, monthly prize drawing – Improve pedestrian, bicycle and transit options Portland Harbor Freeway transformed to Tom McCall Park

33. The Community Development- Transportation Question Can communities support increased economic activity, population/jobs growth while reducing reliance on auto travel and associated VMT growth? – Yes, but it takes commitment and continued innovation – Transportation infrastructure investments and services must be closely aligned with development Are there other ancillary community benefits? – More efficient use of land – reduced environmental impacts – lower energy use – a lower carbon footprint – improved public health

34. Questions? Ellen Pierce CT DEP Air Bureau p: (860) 424-3027 Ellen.Pierce@ct.gov