1. Issues in the Emergence of Modernism The European Picture

2. The Arts and Crafts Movements Art Nouveau Organicism Industrialization Mass Production Changing cultural context Nationalism and local tradition vs internationalism and the need to rationalize production, distribution, and power. The birth of abstraction as a new way of understanding the relationship between form and content, visual character and meaning.

3. AEG Turbine Factory, Berlin, by Peter Behrens, c1908-9 Industrialization Mass Production Changing cultural context

5. Fagus Shoelast Factory, Alfeld- an-der-Leine, by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, 1911-12

8. 25 bis Rue Franklin, Paris, by Auguste Perret, c1910

9. Le Corbusier Dom-ino House c.1914

10. Antonio Sant’Elia and Futurism before 1914