1. Lec 24, Ch.16, pp.720-723: Superelevation runoff (objectives)
Know the definition of superelevation runoff
Know the minimum superelevation runoff lengths for 2-lane pavements and how to adjust them to wider pavements
Become familiar with methods for attaining superelevation

2. What we discuss in class today…
Definition of superelevation runoff
Minimum superelevation runoff lengths for 2-lane pavements
How to adjust minimum superelevation runoff lengths for wider pavements
Methods to attain superelevation
Relation between superelevation runoff

3. What is superelevation runoff?
Superelevation runoff  the length of highway needed to accomplish the change in cross slope from a section with adverse crown (in a typical 2-lane pavement case) removed to a fully superelevated section, or vice versa.
Tangent runout  the length of highway needed to accomplish the change in cross slope from a normal crown section to a section with the adverse crown removed, or vice versa.
(Full Superelevation) PC
Superelevation runoff
(Adverse Crown)
Tangent runout
(Normal Crown)

4. Where is the superelevation runoff located in relation to PC?
Use similar grades
Relative grade
Adverse crown

5. Min. superelevation runoff lengths for 2-lane pavements
See the handout given out in class for new values.

6. A few considerations about superelevation runoff lengths…
3-lane pavements: 1.2 times the corresponding length for 2-lane highways
4-lane, undivided pavements: 1.5 times the corresponding length for 2-lane highways
6-lane, undivided pavements: 2.0 times the corresponding length for 2-lane highways

7. Attainment of superelevation
1. A crowned pavement is rotated about the profile of the center line.  Most popular for 2-lane pavements
2. A crowned pavement is rotated about the profile of the inside edge after the superelevation with the normal crown % is reached. Because of this the center line profile elevation rises after point C.

8. Attainment of superelevation (cont)
3. The center line profile is lowered until adverse crown is reached then this continues till you get superelevation with the normal crown %. Then after that the pavement is revolved around the outer edge. Because of this the center line profile continues to go down.
4. A straight cross-slope pavement is rotated about the profile of the outside edge.

9. Removing angular breaks…
In practice, the angular breaks are appropriately rounded by using short vertical curves.

10. Sample problem: Given: Design speed: 70 mph Superelevation: 6%
2-lane 2-way highway
Lane width = 12 ft
Cross slope = 1.5%
From Exhibit 3-29, the length of superelevation runoff is 180 ft. Now what is the length of tangent runout and the station of beginning and ending of superelevation runoff and tangent runout when the station of PC is STA ?
Rise at the outer edge is: 12ft x 0.06 = 0.72ft
Relative gradient is: 0.72ft / 180ft = 0.004=0.4%
Tangent runout is: (12ft x 0.015)/0.004 = 45 ft
45ft
180ft
About 1/3 of superelevation runoff in in the curve = 180/3 = About 60 ft in the curve.
About 2/3 is in the tangent = 120 ft.
45ft
PC: STA
STA 98+85
STA 99+75
STA
STA 99+30