1. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 1 Hanohano Engineering DOANOW Honolulu, Hawaii March 23-25, 2007 Joe Van Ryzin Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.

2. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 2 An Apology… Hanohano Engineering

3. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 3 Work Proposed to CEROS Determine feasibility and methodology of detecting low- energy anti-neutrinos from radioactive decay by detectors in the very deep ocean. Perform engineering studies and component tests to minimize the risks and unknowns associated with such a detector. Provide a conceptual design and costs.

4. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 4 Scope of proposed/completed work Size and sensitivity analysis Design of basic structure Successive implosions Electronics design for low power Internal electronics design Power and communications links Deployment analysis and simulation Test Scintillation materials at depth and temp Conceptual design and pricing

5. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 5 Hanohano structure Strict material requirements Deep ocean, extreme pressures Implosion of instrument housings Deployment and recovery Ease of maintenance & repair Ease of testing and instrumenting Practical Design Simple constructible structure Stable, safe

6. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 6 Pressure Issues: Implosion Typical form of an implosion shockwave – derived from experimentation (Orr and Schoenberg, 1976)

7. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 7 Post CEROS work; 50 kT detector Total mass: 102 kT 49% Scintillator: 50 kT; 36m dia x 57m high 12% Oil: 1 m layer 20% fresh water: 2 m layer 8% steel 6% ballast 5% droppable anchor

8. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 8 Deployment: 1950’s technology:

9. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 9 Bathyscaphe Challenge Heavy enough to submerge on surface with drop weight. Compress during descent. Compresses 2800m 3 Cools on bottom, 1500m 3 Ambient seawater also more dense: Drop 2800 Tonne anchor; 0.3% buoyancy 27 minute fast descent and ascent.

10. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 10 50 kT Could even be larger; cost is the major limit Practical limits are ports and passages; supertankers are ~5x larger. Easily transportable to any ocean, fits in Suez Canal, not in Panama Construction: shipyard standards, economical Separate support and hotel from detector functions Possible: multiple detectors for one support vessel Deployment and recovery from great depth is relatively easy – bathyscaphe

11. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 11 More to come (hopefully)….