1. 1 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman “There’s plenty of room at the bottom” by R.P.Feynman Presented by Mustafa Sanver Winter 2002

2. 2 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Contents  Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography  There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom  Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica  How do we write small?  Information on a small scale  Better electron microscope  Miniaturizing the computer  Miniaturizing by evaporation  Rearranging the atoms  High school competition  Chronological Development of Nanotechnology  Feynman Grand Prize  References  Conclusion  Questions & Answers

3. 3 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography 1918-1988  New York City, 1918  B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1939  Ph.D. Princeton University, 1942  The atomic bomb project (1941-42)  Los Alamos (1943-45).  The chair of theoretical physics at Cornell University  The chair of theoretical physics at Caltech,1950- 1988

4. 4 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography (cont.) Albert Einstein Award, 1954 1959 Caltech Talk: There’s plenty of room at the bottom Feynman diagrams and the Nobel Prize, 1965 Niels Bohr International Gold Medal, 1973 Member of the Rogers Commission, 1986 Los Angles, 1988

5. 5 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman Biography (cont.) Remembered as  an extraordinarily brilliant theoretical physicist  a Nobel laureate  a best seller  a passionate and inspiring teacher  a witty and lucid public speaker  a lover of practical jokes and extremely informal  a devoted family man  a strong advocate for honesty in science and public policy Some of his Books  Quantum Electrodynamics (1961)  The Theory of Fundamental Processes (1961)  The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1963-65) (3 volumes)  The Character of Physical Law (1965)  QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (1985)  Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman (1985)

6. 6 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom December 29, 1959 “I would like to describe a field, in which little has been done, but in which an enormous amount can be done in principle.” “… the problem of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale”. Nail size electric motors, device to write the Lord’s Prayer “In the year 2000,…”

7. 7 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica Head of a pin = 1/16” inch Magnify by 25000 diameters Eye power is 1/120 inch or half of “i” Demagnify 25000=80 Angstroms=32 atoms across=1000 atoms Writing: raised letters of metal,1/25000 Reading: mold-thin film of silica-shadowing with gold Copying: easy

8. 8 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman How do we write small Reverse the lenses of the electron microscope Photo process and metal ions Light and optical microscope 24 millions of volumes of books 3 square yards = 35 pages of the Encyclopedia

9. 9 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman How do we write small (cont.) Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope(STM) D. M. Eiger & E. K. Schweizer (NATURE VOL 344 5 APRIL 1990) Bucky Ball Abacus Maria Teresa Cuberes, James K. Gimzewski, and Reto R. Schlittler Applied Physics Letters, Vol 69, Num 20 (p. 3016),1996 http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/Page3.html

10. 10 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Information on a small scale Each letter = 6-7 “bits” Not only surface but the interior of the material Each bit = a cube of 5x5x5 atoms cube 2x10^15 bits in the Encyclopedia 1/200 inch wide cube of material

11. 11 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Information on a small scale (cont.)  Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Writing  Plastic substrate containing data written with an electron beam at 64Gbits(64x10^9)/sq.in.  IBM Deskstar 25GP has the world's highest areal density (3.74 billion bits) or bits per square inch of any desktop PC hard drive. 11/11/1998 http://www.almaden.ibm.com

12. 12 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Better electron microscope How to read today 10 angstroms Improvement by 100 times Resolution Wave length of the electron=1/20A Answering biological questions Easing chemical processes and analysis

13. 13 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Better electron microscope (cont.) 1. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) (schematic) Approximate Resolution 10 nm 2. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Resolution approximately 0.5 nm. 3. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HREM) Resolution approximately 0.1 nm. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

14. 14 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Better electron microscope (cont.) One of the most effective advancements in microscopy is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM). 4. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was the first tool to be used in positioning atoms one at a time (Schematic) Resolution is 0.01 A 5. Another Breakthrough in Atomic Resolution and Atomic Manipulation is the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Resolution is 0.01 A http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

15. 15 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Miniaturizing the computer Wires should be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter Circuits should be a few thousand angstroms across Millions of times as many elements Find the best way to make the calculation “ But there is plenty of room to make them smaller. There is nothing that I can see in the physical laws that says the computer elements cannot be made enormously smaller than they are now. In fact, there may be certain advantages.”

16. 16 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Miniaturizing the computer(cont.) Nanotube & Nanodevice Philip G. Collins, A. Zettl, Hiroshi Bando, Andreas Thess, R. E. Smalley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Science VOL 278 3 OCTOBER 1997 pg.100

17. 17 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Miniaturizing by evaporation Evaporate the material Manufacture like the big ones Problems in such small machines Weight and inertia Electrical system Lubrication Combustion engine Micro Machine picture taken from yahoo/toys.com

18. 18 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Miniaturizing by evaporation(cont.) Micro-actuator for Use in Credit Card Size Hard Drives Approximately 3 mm square Silicon Micromachined Electromagnetic Microactuators for Rigid Disk Drives, 1995 http://touch.caltech.edu/home/personnel/faculty/yctai/yctaifr.html

19. 19 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Rearranging the atoms Perfect copies New kinds of forces and new kinds of possibilities Chemical synthesis Simple Pump designed by K. Eric Drexler

20. 20 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Nanobot Nanobots drilling into a tumor http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

21. 21 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman NanoGitar 1997 http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm 5 x 10 -7 m = 500nm long

22. 22 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman High school competition § ``How's this?'' - ``i'' it says: ``Not so hot.'' § $1,000 prize for a page of book put into 1/25000 smaller scale to read with electron microscope § $1000 prize for an operating electric motor

23. 23 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Chronological Nanotechnology

24. 24 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Feynman Grand Prize: Foresight Institute $250,000 Nano-scale robotic arm and a computing device $1 million http://www.foresight.org

25. 25 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman  http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynmanWeb.html http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynmanWeb.html  http://www.foresight.org http://www.foresight.org  http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1988/1988t.html http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1988/1988t.html  http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html  http://www.scs-intl.com/trader http://www.scs-intl.com/trader  http://www.search.caltech.edu/archives http://www.search.caltech.edu/archives  http://wwwcdf.pd.infn.it/~loreti/science.html http://wwwcdf.pd.infn.it/~loreti/science.html  http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Feynman.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Feynman.html  http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki  http://www3.ocn.ne.jp/~tttabata/tabfe2.htm http://www3.ocn.ne.jp/~tttabata/tabfe2.htm  http://www.capitalizingonchange.org/forrest/df7.htm http://www.capitalizingonchange.org/forrest/df7.htm  http://nanozine/NANOMED.htm http://nanozine/NANOMED.htm  http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm  http://www.almaden.ibm.com http://www.almaden.ibm.com References

26. 26 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Conclusion “The principle of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.”, 1959 Where are you in nanotechnology?

27. 27 THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM. M. SanverCS Colloquium – Winter 2002 R.P. Feynman Questions and Answers Hairjacks Micro-Medics 2 Nanomedicine Theme