1. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Unit 13: Supplementary Slides for the SERUM Method CSEM04: Risk and Opportunities of Systems Change in Organisations Dr Lynne Humphries & Prof. Helen M Edwards

2. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Overview SERUM Method SERUM Change Priority Method Composition SSM in SERUM: Business analysis of the system Evolutionary development: plan the implementation of changes Evolutionary development SERUM and systems change

3. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 SERUM Method

4. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 SERUM Premise: “Change is inevitable for all commercial software systems” –For any application, there will be many potential changes. Approach: tackle those changes that provide the best cost-benefit ratio. –But there is risk associated with any change. In particular technical risk and development risk,

5. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 SERUM Change Priority Priority of change is expressed as a function of five variables.  risk exposure in the current system,  risk exposure in the proposed system,  risk exposure in the implementation of a change  cost of a defined change  benefit of a defined change

6. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Method Composition Soft Systems Methodology - Checkland –used in step 1 through to step 5

7. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Method Composition Evolutionary Development - Gilb –used in steps 6-9 and afterwards (outcomes from steps)

8. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 provides a set of recommendations for change (organisational and/or technological). the recommendations define the gap between the current and the ideal model. may identify major changes to an existing way of working. Risk is associated with the disruption to the organisation. SSM in SERUM: B usiness analysis of the system

9. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Evolutionary development: plan the implementation of changes Parts of a system are implemented and delivered in phases. Each part is evaluated by the client The feedback is used in implementing subsequent phases.

10. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Evolutionary development Development of measurable goals and attributes is crucial to this aspect. –Development relies on understanding the requirements and goals of the customer. Gilb emphasises the need for – explicit goals, –measurable goals and –best case/worse case analyses.

11. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Evolutionary development Gilb emphasises the need for interaction between developers and –customers, –users, –budget controllers, –…–… i.e. “stakeholders”

12. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 Evolutionary development No mechanism exists for ensuring “correct/ appropriate” requirements. – But “goals and measurements” approach makes these more explicit and defined. –Development projects typically affected by vagueness: –Gilb’s approach requires developers to liaise with stakeholders to define goals and measurements.

13. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 SERUM and systems change Users/decision makers involved in –“SSM” aspects –not in Evolutionary development aspect. But –to control project when using evolutionary approach: ask for measurable goals from developers (whether internal or external). –Should use a two way mechanism.

14. University of Sunderland CSEM04 ROSCO Unit 13 SERUM and systems change Is this more than an evolutionary development approach? Yes: –provides framework –merger of SSM and evolutionary development strengthens Gilb’s approach. –Broader view of system than the software system.