1. National Training Facility for Hydrogen Safety: Five Year Plan for HAMMER Bruce Kinzey Pacific Northwest National Laboratory International Conference on Hydrogen Safety September 9, 2005 Pisa, Italy Paper 100052

2. 2 HAMMERHAMMER Hazardous Materials Management and Emergency Response Training and Education Center established 1997 Current training capabilities include Emergency Operations, Law Enforcement, Occupational Safety & Health, others Hands-on props offer “training as real as it gets”

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4. 4 Hydrogen Safety Numerous hydrogen demonstrations occurring around the world Training for emergency responders* generally offered by industrial partners; typically involves classroom-style learning with books, videos Need for emergency response training is rapidly expanding; a much broader approach is needed Some level of training need also extends to code officials Hydrogen safety hands-on training with life-sized hydrogen props at HAMMER to be the first of its kind in the world * Emergency responders include fire service, law enforcement, emergency medical, and other professions typically called to the scene of an incident

5. 5 Planned Approach Employ the OSHA/NFPA 4-tiered approach to hazardous materials training; tiers (or levels of training) include: Awareness (police, emergency medical techs) Operations (most fire fighters) Technician (fire fighters with special hydrogen hands-on training) Specialist (incident command) HAMMER will offer training to the first three levels; will also offer separate curriculum designed for code inspection community Primary focus at first two levels will be distance-learning and “train the trainer” activities

6. 6 Anticipated Capabilities Needed Curricula for the various tiers of training Hydrogen behavior demonstration props and videos Fuel cell stationary and vehicle props, some operational and some for demonstration (e.g., vehicle cutaway) Life-sized props offering various training scenarios, some involving fire

7. 7 Progress to Date In FY05, developed draft Awareness Level curriculum and conducted two pilot training courses involving about 50 fire service and other personnel Obtained feedback on course content and effectiveness, and on anticipated prop and training scenario needs Received approval to proceed with design of first life-sized prop: a combined vehicle and hydrogen refueling station Funding expected in FY06

8. 8 HAMMER 5-Year Plan FY06 Conduct Awareness-Level hydrogen safety classes. Develop Code Enforcement curriculum. Develop curriculum for Emergency Responder Operations-Level (i.e., 2 nd tier) hydrogen safety training. Develop compressed gaseous hydrogen behavior demonstration models Initiate design for first hydrogen burn prop.

9. 9 5-Year Plan – Continued FY07 Continue Awareness-Level courses, including distance- learning. Conduct Operations-Level courses. Conduct Code Enforcement training courses. Construct first life-size hydrogen training prop; begin design of second prop. Initiate development of Technician-Level course.

10. 10 5-Year Plan – Continued FY08 Construct second hydrogen prop; begin design for additional props. Conduct first Technician-Level training course using burn props. Awareness, Operations and Code Enforcement courses primarily distance-learning at this point. FY09-10 Produce hydrogen safety tips CD/DVD. Conduct hydrogen safety training classes. Possible purchase of functional equipment, e.g., a hydrogen vehicle and/or fueling station, for demonstration of fueling safety.

11. 11 5-Year Goals Close to 100,000 total personnel trained through Awareness and Operations levels Between 300-400 Technician Level emergency responders trained; training between 100-200 per year In addition, some large number (1 million+ ?) of the general public have downloaded hydrogen safety information directly from the web

12. 12 Example Questions Posed by Emergency Responders at HAMMER Where are the expected hydrogen leak points on a FCV and do the instruments on the dash indicate the location of a leak? When there are multiple tanks, do they all vent simultaneously? How would an ER know if they were all empty or not? Do they perform hydrostatic testing of the tanks? How do you carry the fuel with you to a remote location (e.g., for a 4-wheeler)? What happens to the rooftop PRD in a rollover accident? Would it still work? Is there a backup vent system? What kinds of problems with vehicles have arisen to date?

13. 13 Example Suggestions Made by Emergency Responders at HAMMER The vent lines and the power lines need to be standardized on all FCVs. Hydrogen vehicles should have clear identifiers on all sides of the vehicle. Battery location in these vehicles is not standard, so why not have a standard battery disconnect under the hood? Should focus the training on the primary differences from general compressed flammable gas hazmat training. Important to address the myths and safety factors associated with hydrogen.

14. 14 ContactsContacts Bruce Kinzey Program Manager Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 202-646-5231 Bruce.Kinzey@pnl.gov Linda Fassbender Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 509-372-4351 Linda.Fassbender@pnl.gov Bret Akers Volpentest HAMMER Training and Education Center 509-376-3712 Bret_M_Akers@rl.gov