2.  Birth Rates › Advancement in medicine allowed for longer lives › Overpopulation became a concern  Europe › Overpopulation meant larger markets and larger armies › Contraceptives were used and enforced by the local authority or power Andrew

3.  Chastity Belt- 13 th century › One of the first contraceptives › Made of steel and had keys  Condoms- 18 th century › Giacomo Casanova first to talk about condoms › They were first made from linen or animal intestines and later made from rubber Andrew

4.  Act was passed in 1873 › Anthony Comstock, anti-obscenity  Was illegal to send or use any contraceptive device or have any information › Connecticut law “Any person who will use any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception shall be fined not less than fifty dollars or imprisoned not less than sixty days or more than one year or be both fined and imprisoned” Andrew

5. Birth Control Movement American sex educator and founder of American Birth Control League In 1930 opened a family planning clinic in Harlem Was arrested more than 8 times 1957 she was name Humanist of the Year by American Humanist Association Andrew

6.  The pill was invented and introduced by the FDA in 1957 › By 1962, 2.3 million women were using it.  1973 Legalization of Abortion was passed › Women were freed from unsafe and deadly options of abortions  1996 Welfare Reform Act › Government Attempts to Control through Tens of millions of dollar to abstinence education programs Andrew

7. Candace

8. 1. Pomegranate - Contain estrogenic hormone [especially estrone] 2. Date Palm - pollen grains used to encourage fertility 3. Moghat - increases secretion of milk Candace

9.  Jivaro women › Potent fertility herb  Assured women of conceiving  Reversed effects of herbal contraceptives  Stargrass prevents miscarriage  Estrogens found in: › summer wheat › beans Candace

10.  Women: › At age 30, 75% will get pregnant within one year, and 91% within four years. › At age 35, 66% will get pregnant within one year, and 84% within four years. › At age 40, 44% will get pregnant within one year, and 64% within four years  Men: › 20–39 years old, 90% of the seminiferous tubules contain mature sperm. › 40–69 years old, 50% of the seminiferous tubules contain mature sperm. › 80 years old and older, 10% of the seminiferous tubules contain mature sperm  Source: Wikipedia Candace

11.  Ancient healers and early women physicians realized the importance of nutrition  Modern science is just now “discovering” many of these fertility methods Candace

12.  Transition from nomadic life to horticulture  Women controlled their own fertility to the amount of resources they had  Food became more easily available  Patriarchy became more widespread  Regulation of population  Men wanted bigger populations Candace

13. Tlingit women of Alaska have report given birth while sleeping. Genesis 3:16 “in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children” Joshua

14. Anti-morning Sickness AlfalfaGinger in tea Peach LeavesSeasickness bands Colombo root Lavender Peppermint Spearmint Sweet Balm Joshua

15. Massages/Heated Water - will tend to make the delivery process easier by relieving stress - will train and prepare muscles for the strain of the pregnancy Joshua

16.  Ultrasound  Ultrasonography  Maternal serum screening (babies blood)  First trimester screening (down syndrome)  Joshua

17. Birthing chair Caesarean Section Mid-wife Lamaze technique Alternative Birth Center ` Joshua

18.  Spanking method vs. Suction method  Incubator Joshua

19.  Freezing Sperm  In vitro fertilization (IVF)  Nadya Suleman aka “Octomom” Joshua

20.  Around 350 B.C. couples started using Olive Oil as lubricant  Around 655 A.D. Mirrors were introduced as a sexual accessory (Lady Wu Chao)  The first dildos were made of wood or leather  Japanese had them centuries ago Kamel

21.  1700s – Water –jet spouts.  1869 – First vibrator  1890s- Motion pictures  Mid 1920s Strip-tease.  1930 – Development of latex rubber. Kamel

22.  The Vibrator – British physician Joseph Mortimer Granville. Kamel

23.  “Anthropologists repeatedly find that men want more children than women do.” Kamel

24.  Who was in charge of anti-fertility measures in general and contraception?  What is one of the three traditional fertility plants?  Name two herbs used for curing morning sickness.  What were the first dildos made out of?