1. The construction of cells DNA or RNA (dNTP or NTP) Protein (amino acid) Carbohydrates ( 單醣 雙醣 多醣 ) Lipid etc. ( 生物膜 )

9. Schematic diagram of DNA replication

10. 電泳 Electrophoresis DNA gel: agarose gel DNA sequencing

14. The construction of cells DNA or RNA Protein Carbohydrates Lipid etc.

15. (CH 2 O) n

22. Glycoproteins The polypeptide chains of glycoproteins, like those of all proteins, are synthesized under genetic control. Their carbohydrate chains, in contrast, are enzymatically generated and covalently linked to the polypeptide without the rigid guidance of nucleic acid templates.

23. The construction of cells DNA or RNA Protein Carbohydrates Lipid and membrane

24. Fats, oils, certain vitamins and hormones, and most nonprotein membrane components are lipids.