1. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Nanotechnology at Surrey Professor Jeremy Allam Advanced Technology Institute Department of Physics University of Surrey, UK j.allam@surrey.ac.uk

2. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Nanotechnology at Surrey Contents What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology research at Surrey Teaching Nanotechnology Organisational tools

3. N o CutsLengthObjects on that scale 021.0 cmPencil 25.25 cmToothpick 41.31 cmDiameter of a finger 63.28 mmKernel of corn 8 820  m Gnat 10 205  m Tip of a needle, bee sting 12 51.2  m Diameter of a human hair 14 12.8  m Silt 16 3.2  m Red blood cell 18801 nmBacteria 20200 nmResolution of optical microscope 2250.0 nmVirus, Intel’s smallest transistor 2412.5 nmThickness of a cell wall 263.13 nmCluster of atoms, a nanoparticle 287.82 ÅEight hydrogen atoms lined up Picturing the nanoscale

4. Not just about miniaturisation… What is nanotechnology ?

5. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena Convergence Self-assembly Self-replication Bio-nanotechnology What is nanotechnology ?

6. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena As the size of a crystal shrinks towards the size of molecules and atoms, its electrons start to follow the laws of quantum mechanics rather than classical mechanics, and behave more like waves than like particles. The electrical and optical properties can be dramatically changed just by changing the size. Convergence Self-assembly Self-replication Bio-nanotechnology What is nanotechnology ?

7. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena Convergence Progress in nanotechnology is dependent on understanding ideas from physics, engineering, chemistry and biology: it is a multi- disciplinary or convergent topic. This has implications for how we teach science and how we structure research. Self-assembly Self-replication Bio-nanotechnology What is nanotechnology ?

8. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena Convergence Self-assembly Although most miniature devices are made by making small patterns on large objects (“top down”), it may be possible to get better control by assembling individual atoms or molecules into larger clusters (“bottom up”). Self-limiting chemical or biological synthesis can be used. Self-replication Bio-nanotechnology What is nanotechnology ?

9. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena Convergence: Self-assembly Self-replication borrowing ideas from biology, we can imagine machines which reproduce themselves. This has given rise to some newspaper stories about nanorobots taking over the world. Is this science fact or science fiction? Bio-nanotechnology What is nanotechnology ?

10. Not just about miniaturisation… Emergent phenomena Convergence Self-assembly Self-replication Bio-nanotechnology by making structures which are the same size as the components of cells, we can start to manipulate biological processes, or make sensors which are sensitive to a single molecule. Or, we can exploit Nature’s nanotechnology, using DNA to assemble scaffolds or to make biomolecular motors. What is nanotechnology ?

11. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Cultivating Nanotechnology at Surrey Critical-mass multi-disciplinary research institutes Advanced Technology Institute Surrey Materials Institute Materials and Nanoscience theme within Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Funding for strategic infrastructure Joint Infrastructure Fund (JIF) from HEFCE University of Surrey Foundation Fund Science Research Investment Fund (SRIF) Partnerships South-East Physics Network (SEPNET) Surrey-NPL Partnership (National Physical Laboratory) Co-operative Exploitation SETsquared

12. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk End-to-end Nanotechnology Materials Devices Applications –Functional materials –Electronics and photonics –Energy –Sensing –Medicine Exploitation and Spin outs Environment and Society –Toxicology –Ethics –Corporate Responsibility ‘Nanotechnology: risk, ethics and law’ Prof. Geoff Hunt

13. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility in Nanotechnology Industries The project aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current and prospective role of governance models and of CSR in the nanotechnology industries and and subsequently communicate the findings to the relevant stakeholders. What are the company drivers towards technology development and use in this sector? What are the drivers towards the application of CSR? What are the relevant legislation at UK, European Community and international levels? What is the dominant mode of CSR and of governance in this industry, and how closely does it match modes in other industries? To what extent and how are global principles, such as Duty of Care, Precautionary and Polluter Pays Principle recognised in the deliberation processes and the innovation drives? Which, if any, pre-product screening methodologies are currently (or can be) applied, notably eco-toxicology, Life-cycle assessment, risk assessment, regulatory compliance assessment etc? What is their scope and remit? What are the strategic drivers for industry to pursue and implement such technology drives? (Technology-push, Market-pull? How effective is the de facto governance process to “future proof” technology and to identify long-term risk? How is uncertainty being assessed and managed, if any, in the strategic product design and manufacturing choices involving nanotechnology? Centre for Environmental Strategy + Faculty of Health and Medical Science + Faculty of Law

14. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Teaching Nanotechnology at Surrey Undergraduate Degrees Modules in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics… Masters Degrees MSc in Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronic Devices Doctoral Degrees PhD in Nanotechnology Engineering Doctorate (EngD) in Micro- and NanoMaterials and Technologies Continuing Education

15. Designed to provide a fundamental understanding and practical experience of developing nanotechnology and nanoelectronic devices during a 1 year full-time programme comprising: Introduction to Nanotechnology Nanosilicon and Devices Advanced Experimental Methods Nanoelectronics and Devices Nanophotonics Frontiers of Nanotechnology Advanced Research Project MSc Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronic Devices Programme Directors: Dr David Carey and Dr Richard Curry

16. www.ati.surrey.ac.uk Nanotechnology Outreach Exhibits for the Science Museum, London Schools talks and residential workshops Set-up “Nanotechnology Task Force” to inform government decisions on Nanotechnology Membership (Prof Roland Clift) of the Royal Society Working Group to examine the risk and regulatory issues raised by nanotechnology

17. Welcome to the University of Surrey Understanding the Real World

18. A world-class research base … 2002 Queen’s Anniversary Prize for R&D in ion beams & optoelectronics … pursuing innovation and enterprise. over 20 satellites launched by Surrey Space Centre “the rising star of higher education” (Times Higher Education Supplement) The University of Surrey

19. Vocational degrees with professional training… “the University for Jobs” (Sunday Times) …and a thriving postgraduate community UniS awards 2 nd largest number of higher qualifications in UK

20. A truly international university… students and staff from 140 nations …supporting the local economy thriving research park with over 110 companies and 2500 employees The University of Surrey